【起子】 |
一般来讲,搞定阅读首要任务是背会基本单词,熟悉长句。但是,这里,必须要将哲学在英语阅读的地位提出来 |
主题(本质)段: 拿出主题X的句子+定义X的句子 |
考研阅读的逻辑结构形式与这个大都差不多。注意,是逻辑顺序决定了这样的结构。 |
【基础】 |
【预备知识】 |
考研阅读一般会在首句给出文章主题X,要养成认出X马上就问自己以上两个问题的习惯。比如首句是“人是自私的吗?”,那么显然,自私就是X,作者一般会对X做概念解释,然后通过正面证明自己观点和反驳相反观点的一系列逻辑推理来得出结论。至于究竟在哲学上应该如何下定义和推理,这里不必细究,只要知道有这个过程就好了。因为命题专家组就是要考察我们的逻辑思维能力。 |
2、必要条件和充分条件 |
当我们说甲是乙的必要条件(necessary condition)时,意思是说没有甲,乙便不可能存在。 |
当我们说甲是乙的足够(或充份)条件(sufficient condition)时,意思是说若甲存在,则乙亦必定存在。换句话说,没有可能有甲而没乙。 |
【实战演练1】 |
2004年研究生入学考试英语试题 阅读TEX1 题号:41~45 |
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”.【本文的主题词在第二句P.S.A个人搜索工具。看到主题X应该怎么做?问自己X是什么、X作用根据】 It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.【很好,符合我们的思维,作者马上对X做了定义】 Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. 【更好,这几句是对X能够作用举例论证。逻辑性非常强】 |
【本段小结一下:主题+主题定义+主题根据。出题点不可能问主题是什么(都告诉我们了还考什么啊!一定是考紧跟其后的主题定义或者主题根据,又由于主题定义作者给的非常清楚明白,因此,重点出题点可能在主题根据)】 |
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases.【讲了PSA的优势1:省时高效】 But 【刚才是PSA的优势,看到转折词,应该提醒自己了,要说劣势了】although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.【很好,和我们预期的一样,连专家都说有缺点了】 Narrowing your criteria【讲劣势1,之后显然是“拉虎皮做大旗”,用专家的话来证明其劣势】, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert. |
【本段讲了主题的优劣,是辨证的思维方式。小时候说“XXX是坏人”就不是辨证的思维。出题点肯定是优势1或者劣势1了。】 |
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. 【劣势1的主人不再仅仅是PSA,而且是所有工作搜索工具,归纳思想】“There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead,【好了,都“辨证”的看了优劣了,估计作者要讲怎样辨证的使用PSA了】 the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. 【太好了。我们的思路和作者几乎一致了。】 |
【本段的重心在“辨证使用PSA”。出题点可能就这一个。】 |
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. 【在“开发PSA-PSA-使用PSA”这个关系里,后两个都讲了,现在讲到开发PSA了】When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do. 【讲开发者的吸引回访策略1】“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. 【又是用别人的话再次论证此策略之成功】 |
【本段是关系式里的头把交椅“开发者”,因此,必然会对其策略出题。】 |
Even【强调词】 those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. 【再次转回使用者,并且扩大使用者的范围。下面一定会论证凭什么扩大这个范围】Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. 【的确。】Although happily employed, Redmon【Redmon再次闪亮登场!目的就是进一步证明作者的推理无误】 maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. |
【本段是结尾段。但似乎没有结束,这说明此文可能是节选。重心在使用者范围的扩大上。题目一定在“扩大”上做文章。】 |
41. How did Redmon find his job? |
【找到了工作就是主题根据。作者费尽口舌就是为了说明PSA有用。我们可以把自己假想为PSA的推销员,我们的开头语应该说“Redmon就是用了我们的XXX才找到工作的”吧?如果一开始就说A/B/D那些细节步骤的话,听者早跑光了。】 |
[A] By searching openings in a job database. |
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? |
【和我们看文章的时候分析的出题点一样。就是劣势1。A】 |
【A】 Lack of counseling. |
43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means |
【果然是考如何辨证使用PSA的细节。Tip service是作者话语中的表语,非常重要的。】 |
[A] advisory. |
44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options? |
【果然考策略。题干是策略,考的策略目的。文章很清楚的。】 |
[A] To focus on better job matches. |
45. Which of the following is true according to the text? |
【这种题目就是“根据本文,可以推理出什么……”,很直接地考推理!】 |
[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters. 【形而上学,明明作者是辨证的。这里怎么这么绝对?注意,如果作者的观点是形而上学的,这个选项就有可能是正确选项】 |
标准答案: |