北京新航道学校 李传伟
第八天：拆分组合 翻译快乐---分析难句
英译汉是考研英语中一个较难的部分，许多考生得分都不太理想。究其原因，主要是难句分析、确定词义与逻辑组合等方面做得不太好。鉴于此，我将从上述三个方面进行总结。首先是难句分析。这一点与阅读部分和完型填空部分是类似的，不过英译汉部分更加集中地考查难句。所以分析难句的能力是做好英译汉部分的一项极其重要的能力。可以按照下列方法拆分一个句子：
1)确定主句和从句，以及主句和从句中的主要成分(主谓宾)；
2)划分意群---将意义相对独立的单位，如包含一个动词的部分一一划分开来。经过上述拆分以后，句子大致分成四个部分(也可能少于或多于四个部分)，因为一句话的分数是2分，一般分成4个给分点。例如，
72. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (1994-72)
本句有四个动词：contends, call, was, expanded，可以分为四个部分：
a leader of the new school contends…(说话人)
as we call it…(定语从句，修饰the scientific revolution)
“the scientific revolution…was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments…(直接引语部分，为contends的宾语)
that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions(定语从句，修饰the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments)。
要注意定语从句that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions的翻译。
又如，
72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (1995-72)
本句的主干是How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon…and on…，其中主语是个主语从句How well…by later performance。本句有三个谓语动词：validated，depends upon，interpreted，所以翻译时本句可以拆分成三部分：
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance…
depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used…
and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
要注意定语从句with which it is interpreted的翻译。
例三，
62. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003-62)
本句的主干是Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry，定语从句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 修饰that branch of intellectual enquiry ，而定语从句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 又修饰先行词manner。本句有三个动词：is，seeks, use，所以翻译时本句可以拆分成三部分。要注意两个定语从句的翻译。
上面三个例子表明了分析难句的过程与方法。要做到考试时娴熟地拆分难句，必须做一些难句分析练习，至少要把94年以来考过的英译汉句子都分析几遍，并且分类整理，如将各类定语从句、状语从句等分别进行集中分析。过一段时间，难句分析能力必然会大幅提高。
