考研命题人张剑教授解析2012年考研真题(四)
第四部分：阅读理解(Part C 英译汉)
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题分析
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
…
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are Line age — specific and not governed by universals。
【答案解析医学全.在线提供】
……
50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该显示出语言变化的模式，这些模式并不受语言谱系或贯穿谱系的路径的影响；而格林堡的普遍性原则却预言了特定的语法词序关系类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。
【注释】 本句是whereas引导的并列句，前后是转折关系。1)主句的结构是“简单句 + 定语从句”。 patterns of language change that are independent of…，可译为“独立于……的语言变化模式”。其中，family tree指“语言谱系”，而不是“族谱”；pathway指的是语言的“发展路径”。2)后半句中的whereas译为 “而……”，co-dependencies意为“紧密互依性”。Particular types of word-order relations意为“特定的语法词序关系类型”。总体上讲，文章的话题较偏，涉及语言学和语言史。对于学习语言学的同学比较有利，因为他们知道乔姆斯基和格林堡等人，以及他们的理论。而对于广大理工科学生而言，可能文章有一定难度。
