1.含有分隔结构的句子
分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现,它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。
插入语有很多不同的类型,可以是一个词,比如形容词(strange,etc)、副词 (personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,etc);可以是短语,比如形容词短语(worst still,sure enough,etc)、介词短语(of course,in short,as a matter of fact,by the way,etc)、分词短语、动词不定式(to be sure,to tell you the truth,etc);也可以是句子,比如if I may say so,if you don't mind,that is(to say)等都是非常常见的插入语。通常,去掉句中这些插入成分不会影响句子的完整性。如:I say /hear,I think /hope / believe,you know / see,what's more,I'm afraid,do you think / suppose等。
如:His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International,a software company,he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 这是一个典型的含有多个插入语的长句。as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语,a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语,它们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。去掉这些插入语后,这句话的意思就很清楚了。
2.被从句拉长的简单句
这些句子较长,有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。遇到这种情况时,考生在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容,往往读了几遍,还搞不清整个句子的结构。
如:Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.
事实上,无论多长多复杂的句子医学全在线,搜集整,理www.lindalemus.com,都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。主干是整句话的主体框架,主要指主谓宾结构(He plays basketball)或主系表结构(This is an apple)。修饰成分可以是单词,可以是短语,也可以是从句,无论是何种形式,它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。因此,对于这种类型的长句,我们要做的首先是确定主干,然后理清从句结构,再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意,再联系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。如果前后文理不通,则可能是分析有误,这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。
用上述的方法简化上述的那句话,就会发现,句子的主干是there is not one,后面都是修饰成分。定语从句who has not…natural phenomenon修饰先行词one,在这个定语从句中,of the very same kind…as that…作为后置定语修饰a complex train of reasoning;句中有一个让步状语though differing in degree作为分隔结构,把the very same…as that分隔开;as that which…中的that是先行词,被which所引导的定语从句修饰。