2016考研英语翻译技巧:如何使用“增补法”
英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减。增补法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意增词,而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。
(1)增词
1)增加名词
经典例题: According to scientists,it takes nature500years to create an inch of topsoil. 参考译文: 根据科学家们的看法,自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。
经典例题: From agreement on this general goal,we have,unfortunately,in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals,and from there to total inaction.
参考译文: 遗憾的是,过去我们在总的目标方面意见是一致的,但涉及各个具体目标时,意见就不一致了,因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。(1987年)
2)增加动词
经典例题: In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
参考译文: 晚上在参加宴会医.学.全.在.线www.lindalemus.com,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得草拟最后公告。
经典例题: The cities utilize these funds for education,police and fire departments,public works and municipal buildings. 参考译文: 市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业,加强治安消防,投资公共建筑和市政工程。
3)增加形容词
经典例题: With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 参考译文: 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!
经典例题: The plane twisted under me,trailing flame and smoke. 参考译文: 飞机在我下面旋转下降,拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。
经典例题: What a sight!参考译文多美的景色啊!
4)增加副词
经典例题: The crowds melted away. 参考译文: 人群渐渐散开了。
经典例题: Theory is something,but practice is everything. 参考译文: 理论固然重要,实践尤其重要。
经典例题: He was fascinated by the political processes—the wheeling and dealing of presidential politics,the manipulating,releasing and leaking of news,the public and private talks.
参考译文: 一幕幕政治花招使他看入了迷:总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角,尔虞我诈;对新闻消息的幕后操纵,公开发表和有意透露,以及公开和秘密的谈话。
5)增加表示名词复数的词
经典例题: When the plants died and decayed,they formed layers of organic materials. 参考译文: 植物腐烂后,形成了一层层有机物。
经典例题: Things in the universe are changing all the time. 参考译文: 宇宙中万物总是在不断变化的。
经典例题: There is enough coal to meet the world’s needs for centuries to come. 参考译文: 有足够的煤来满足全世界未来几个世纪的需要。
6)增加语气词
经典例题: Don’t be childish. I’m only joking. 参考译文: 别孩子气了嘛,这只不过是开玩笑罢了。
经典例题: As for me,I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 参考译文: 我呢,从一开始就不赞成。
7)增加量词
经典例题: A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 参考译文: 一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
8)增加概况词
经典例题: It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset; it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.
参考译文: 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,使人们觉得要么就像关心自身一样关心动物,要么就完全不顾它们的死活。(1997年真题)
经典例题: The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers,artificial satellites and rockets. 参考译文: 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。
经典例题: We have got great achievements militarily,politically and economically. 参考译文: 我们在军事、政治、经济等方面取得了巨大的成绩。
(2)逻辑加词
1)增加连接词
经典例题: Could you imagine what a fool I would make myself without that sum of money on me? 参考译文 你能想象我要是身上没带那笔钱医学.全在.线www.lindalemus.com,该显得多傻吗?
2)增加承上启下的词
经典例题: Yes,I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days,sort of the fashion. 参考译文: 不错,我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜,这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧!
(3)语法加词 增加表示时态的词
经典例题: Humans have been dreaming of copies of themselves for thousands of years. 参考译文: 千百年来,人类一直梦想制造出自己的复制品。
经典例题: The high altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 参考译文: 高空飞行过去是而且现在仍还是一种了不起的飞行器。