2016考研英语翻译技巧之:省略法
省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之,省略是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。
(1)冠词的省略
经典例题: Because the body’s defense system is damaged,the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases. 参考译文: 由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏,病人几乎没有什么能力来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭。
经典例题: Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid,or a gas. 参考译文 任何物质,无论它是固体、液体或气体医学全在.线www.lindalemus.com,都是由原子构成的。
(2)代词的省略
经典例题: The desert animals can hide themselves from the heat during the daytime. 参考译文: 沙漠中的兽类能躲避白天的炎热天气。
经典例题: We all took it for granted that he would attend the meeting,but in the end he never turned up. 参考译文: 我们都想当然地以为他会来开会,但直到最后他也没有露面。
经典例题: We live and learn.
参考译文: 活到老,学到老。
(3)连词的省略
经典例题: Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. 参考译文 同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。 经典例题: He looked gloomy and troubled. 参考译文: 他看上去有些忧愁不安。
经典例题: If winter comes,can spring be far behind? 参考译文: 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
(4)介词的省略
经典例题: The density of air varies directly as pressure,with temperature being constant. 参考译文 温度不变,空气的密度和压力成正比。 经典例题: Smoking is prohibited in public places. 参考译文: 公共场所不许吸烟。
经典例题: A body in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an external force. 参考译文 如果没有外力的作用,运动的物体仍然保持运动状态。
(5)同位语前置名词的省略
经典例题: Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
分析:在同位句中,the fact就是指that所引导的blacks are often deprived of?that whites enjoy.在翻译成汉语时,就可以省略the fact,以免显得累赘。
参考译文: 相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。(1990年真题)
(6)同义词或近义词的省略
经典例题: Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants.
分析: 例句原文中的needs and wants是近义词医学全在线www.lindalemus.com,在英语中常一起出现,但从中文的角度来看,表达的是同一个意思。所以译文可以简洁一些。
参考译文: 技术就是在工业上应用科学方法和科学知识以满足我们物质上的需求。
经典例题: Insulators in reality conduct electricity but,nevertheless,their resistance is very high.分析: but,nevertheless是近义词,在文中都表示“但是”。
参考译文: 绝缘体实际上也导电,但其电阻很高。