目前，异种肝移植还处于研究阶段，无论是一致性异种供肝还是相异性异种供肝，均存在不同程度的体液排异反应问题。采用抗体清除、补体激活相关的炎性拮抗剂等各种治疗措施，以及用免疫抑制剂抑制细胞介导的排异反应，这些方法在理论上应该是可行的，但免疫排异的问题还需继续进一步研究。另外，供体动物所携带的病原微生物是否会导致受体发病以及是否会传染给其他人，也是一个需要继续研究的问题。如果猪作为供体成为现实的话，那么研究和选择健康的无特异病原的（specific pathogenic-free)猪也是一个值得进一步重视的课题[18]。
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