南华大学护理学院《护理学基础》 测试题三 一、Select the best answer for each of the following questions. （one point per question, thirty points in total) 1. The humidity of between 55% and 65% is used for which of the following patients: A. the respirator执业药师y infection and children B. the aged C. women D. suffering from an allergy to mold 2. It is wise for a nurse to air the room during times A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. in the evening D. when patients are out of their rooms for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures 3. In bedmaking nursing activities, a nurse always keeps: A. the back straight B. the back bent C. the hips bent D. A and C 4. About 75% of elderly people have lost all their own teeth: A. by age 60 B. by age 65 C. by age 70 D. by age 75 5. The use of fluoride is known to: A. prevent dental caries B. eliminate tooth decay C. prevent mouth infection D. eliminate mouth infection 6. Which of the following patients should have a shampoo? A. the patients with weak or very tired B. the patients with a respiratory infection C. the patients with a very greasy or dirty hair D. the patients with a fever 7. Deep decubitus ulcers are mainly caused by: A. immobility B. friction C. shearing forces D. malnutrition 8. The normal respiratory rate in adults is considered to be A. 1 to 6 breaths per minute B. 16 to 20 breaths per minute C. 60 to 80 breaths per minute D. 100 to 120 breaths per minute 9. A client has a blood pressure reading of 130/90 when visiting a clinic. The nurse would recommend A. follow-up measurements of blood pressure B. immediate treatment by a physician C. nothing, because the nurse considers this reading is due to anxiety D. a change in diet and exercise 10. Which type of fever is usually occurs in pneumococcus pneumonitis: A. continued fever B. remittent fever C. intermittent fever D. irregular fever 11. Which of the following descriptions belongs to abnormal pulse rhythm? A. intermittent pulse B. absent pulse C. thready pulse D. weak pulse 12. When one person thrills, which of the following descriptions is right? A. systolic pressure has no instinct change, diastolic pressure rises B. systolic pressure rises, diastolic pressure has no instinct change C. both rise D. both have no change 13. Which of the following comments on the definition of pain is not right? A. pain is a highly unpleasant and very personal sensation that cannot be shared with others B. pain is an important sign that there is something physiologically wrong C. the mechanism of pain is clear D. pain is usually accompanied by other bodily sensations such as pressure, heat, or perhaps cold 14. Which the following tissues have no pain receptors: A. the skin B. the alveoli of the lungs C. the arterial walls D. the periosteum 15. Analgesics are more effective when given: A. before 30 minutes the patient feels severe pain B. just when the patient feels severe pain C. before 10 minutes the patient feels severe pain D. after the pain is severe 16. Nerve blocks are not used for: A. the pain of whiplash injury B. low back disorders, bursitis, and cancer C. psychogenic pain D. during dental work 17. Which of the following processes is not partially subject to voluntary control? A. muscle tension B. heart beat and blood flow C. temperature D. pain 18. The most common cycle is: A. the circadian rhythm, a 1-day cycle B. the infradian rhythm, a monthly cycle C. the ultradian rhythm, consisting of cycles completed in minutes or hours D. all of the above 19. Each sleep cycle lasts about A. 70 minutes B. 80 minutes C. 90 minutes D. 100 minutes 20. If the sleeper is very tired, REM cycles are often A. short B. long C. unchanged D. short or long 21. The periodic cessation of breathing during sleep is called: A. parasomnias B. sleep apnea C. hypersomnia D. narcolepsy 22. Sudden infant death syndrome often occurs in: A. infants of 1 to 2 months B. infants of 2 to 4 months C. in infants of 4 to 6 months D. infants of 6 to 8 months 23. Body movement dose not involve: A. stretching exercises B. aerobic exercise C. isokinetic exercise D. strength and endurance exercises 24. Risks related to exercises do not include: A. precipitating a cardiac event B. orthopedic discomfort C. weight gain D. disability 25. The followingwww.med126.com factors effect heat and cold therapy are true except: A. area B. time C. temperature D. psychology 26. Which of the following descriptions is not true? A. both cold and warmth receptors lie close to the surface of the skin. B. the cold receptors are more plentiful than the warmth receptors. C. there are more warmth receptors on the forehead. D. thermal signals are picked up by the warmth or cold receptors and transmitted along the sensory nervous to the central nerves system. 27. A sitz bath is a method of providing moist heat to: A. an acute infectious area B. large body areas C. a small body area D. the pelvic area 28. Which of the following person can use a hot water bag with 60-70℃ water is: A. the unconscious B. a patient with diarrhea C. paralytic D. infant 29. Risks related to exercises do not include: A. precipitating a cardiac event B. orthopedic discomfort C. weight gain D. disability 30. The trendelenburg position is not used for: A. circulatory shock B. drainage of pulmonary secretion C. bronchial asthma D. premature rupture of membranes 二、多选题 （每题1分，共10分) 1．四人搬运法适用于（ ) A．儿科病人 B．颈椎骨折病人 C．不能起床，病情轻但肥胖病人 D．输液或导尿病人 E．病情危重病人 2．肛门部位的检查可采用（ ) A．屈膝 B．侧卧位 C．俯卧位 D．截石位 E．膝胸位 3．严格执行无菌操作的主要目的是（ ) A．保证病人安全 B．防止自身感染 C．保证无菌物品不被污染 D．保证操作有序进行 E．防止微生物侵入人体 4．保养搪瓷类物品应注意避免（ ) A．燃烧消毒 B．强酸强碱的接触 C．粗糙物摩擦 D．骤冷骤热 E．碰撞脱瓷 5．无菌持物钳只限用于（ ) A．取无菌凡士林纱布 B．取乙醇棉球 C．换药 D．取无菌针头 E．消毒皮肤 6．刘先生，背部烧伤，需俯卧，在制定护理计划时，应考虑有发生压疮的潜在危险（ ) A．足跟 B．肩胛骨 C．胸肋部、膝部 D．髂前上棘 E．踝部 7．高热持续期的临床表现是（ ) A．体温值在较高水平 B．颜面潮红，口干舌燥 C．皮肤灼热出汗多 D．尿少色深 E．呼吸快，脉搏细弱 8．关于脉搏生理性变化错误的是（ ) A．幼儿比成人快 B．男性比女性快 C．老年人比幼儿快 D．站立较卧位快 E．运动和情绪激动是增快 9．可用冷疗的病人是（ ) A．肘关节挫伤5天 B．鼻出血 C．左小腿慢性炎症 D．下肢浅静脉炎 E．中暑高热 10．面部危险三角区感染时用热敷疗法，可导致（ ) A．细菌毒素易进入血液循环 B．疼痛加剧 C．炎症扩散 D．颅内感染 E．败血症 三、名词解释 （每题2分，共10分) 1．体位引流 2．Biot’s respiration 3．Pressure sores 4．隔离 5．医源性损害 四、填空题 （每空0.5分，共10分) 1．最常见的机械性损伤是 。 2．医院感染的预防和控制措施中在人员控制方面主要控制 和 。 3．医院诊疗器械按污染后可造成的危害程度和在人体接触部位的不同分为 、 、 。 4．根据压疮发展过程和轻重程度，可分为 期、 期、 期。 5．睡眠具有 和 两种不同的时相状态。 6．脉压差增大常见于 、 ；脉压差减小常见于 、 。 7．根据灌肠的目的可分为 和 。 8．膀胱高度膨胀的病人，第一次放尿不应超过 ml，否则会导致 和 。 五、问答题 （每题6分，共18分) 1．简述化学消毒灭菌剂的使用原则。 2．试述鼻饲法的目的和注意事项。 3．冷热疗法均可解痛，其作用机制有什么区别？ 六、综合分析题 （第一题10分，第二题12分，共22分) 1．陈女士，30岁，腹部手术后出现尿潴留，在诱导排尿无效时，可采取的护理措施是什么？操作中应注意哪些问题？ 2．李先生，45岁，在烈日下工作4小时后，感到乏力，头晕、头痛，出汗减少。检查：体温41℃，脉搏120次/分，呼吸24次/分。诊断：中暑。医嘱：大量不保留灌肠，请问： ⑴ 灌肠的目的是什么？ ⑵ 选用何种溶液？量及温度是多少？ ⑶ 灌肠时应注意哪些？ | 
