河北医科大学教案首页
教研室: 外语部医学英语教研室 教师姓名：
| 课程名称 | 医学英语 | 授课专业和班级 | 05级 | ||
| 授课内容 | Unit fourteen Without Conscious | 授课学时 | 4 | ||
| 教学目的 | To understand WWII and the roles of doctors in Nazi period. And review the history and see through the importance and influence of a doctor. | ||||
| 教学重点 | To help students understand the history and the evil deeds on Hitler and tell student to be a good doctor and contribute to the peace of human world. | ||||
| 教学难点 | Some of the historical backgrounds are obscure in the mind of the students and they may not fully understand the evil influence of Nazi doctors in history. | ||||
| 教具和媒 体使用 | computer and PowerPoint | ||||
| 教学方法 | Communicative approach and traditional method to analyze the text | ||||
| 教 学 过 程 | I. Lead in activities (10 min.) How much do you know about WWII? Have you learned something about what Hilter forced Nazi doctors to do? II. Background knowledge (10 min.) WWII is impressive and Hilter is notorious in history. Many decent doctor in Nazi period are forced to do something evil to hurt people and even kill people like animals. III. Analysis of the text (60 min.) 1. Some relevant information on Nazi doctors. 2. Language points: words and expressions. 3. Analysis of difficult sentences. 4. Review what has happened in the history and remind medical students to make use of knowledge to serve human beings rather than do something evil. IV. Discussion (10 min.)招生简章 V. Summary (10 min.) To be a noble doctor is really hard. Learning from the history, medical students should realize their own roles in protecting people and world peace. VI. assignment after class write an article titiled how to be a noble doctor. | ||||
| 讲授新 进展内容 | The history of Nazi Germany and the Nazi doctors. | ||||
| 课后总结 | 1. Students’ vocabulary is to be enlarged. 2. More class activities are to be organized. 3. Students’ speaking abilities are to be improved. | ||||
I Background Information
| 阿道夫·希特勒（Adolf Hitler，1889年4月20日—1945年4月30日)，是德国国家社会主义工人党，即纳粹党的党魁和纳粹德国的元首。第二次世界大战时期兼任德国武装力量三军统帅。希特勒严格地说应该是奥地利人。 |
II Key Words, Phrases to Be Mastered:
1.assassin Onewho murders by surprise attack, especially one who carries out a plot to kill aprominent person.
2.adage A sayingthat sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use.
3 ideology A set of doctrines orbeliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other system
4.implement To put into practical effect; carry out:
5.apostle A passionate adherent; astrong supporter. One of a group made up especially of the 12 disciples chosenby Jesus to preach the gospel
6.eugenics n. The study of hereditary improvement of thehuman race by controlled selective breeding.euthanasia n. the act or practiceof ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or anincurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinarymedical treatment.
7. justification]n. Something, such as afact or circumstance, that justifies
8.contaminate v. Tomake impure or unclean by contact or mixture.
9.precu执业兽医rsor Onethat precedes another.
10. mutilate v. To deprive of a limb or anessential part; cripple
11. executioner n. One who executes, especiallyone who puts a condemned
12. psychiatrist]n. A physician who specializes in psychiatry. 精神病学家,
13. exemplary adj. Worthy of imitation; commendable:
14. camaraderie n. Goodwill and lighthearted rapport between oramong fiends.
15. eliminate v. Toget rid of; remove.
16. burgeon v. Toput forth new buds, leaves, or greenery.
17. psychiatry n. The branch of medicine that deals with thediagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders.精神病学
18. fanatical adj. Possessedwith or motivated by excessive, irrational zeal.
19. ethical adj. Being in accordance with the acceptedprinciples of right and wrong that govern the conduct of a profession.道德的，伦理的
20. anesthesia n. Total or partial loss of sensation,especially tactile sensibility, induced by disease, injury, acupuncture, or an anesthetic.麻醉；失去知觉
21. amputate v. To cut off (a part of the body).
22. suffocate To kill or destroy by preventing access of air oroxygen
23. dissect v. To cut apart or separate (tissue), especiallyfor anatomical study.解剖
24. perversion n. The act of perverting
II The key notes from the text.
1.Professor Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. He is auniversity professor of religion and philosophy at BostonUniversity, Boston. Sixty years ago, on April 11, 1945,he was liberated from the Buchenwald concentration camp (布痕瓦尔德，德意志民主共和国西南部一村庄，1937至1945年德国法西斯曾在此设立集中营,残酷屠杀了数万名反法西斯战士). This article has been modified by the author froman essay in his collection D"où viens-tu? (Editions du Seuil,2001) and was translated from the French by Jamie Moore.
2.Holocaust: The genocide of European Jews and others by the Nazis duringWorld War II. Holocaust源于希腊语,译为大屠杀，当其大写时特指二战中纳粹分子对犹太人和其他欧洲人的毁灭政策。
3.Talmud: The collection of ancient Rabbinic writings consisting of theMishnah and the Gemara, constituting the basis of religious authority inOrthodox Judaism.犹太教法典：古代拉比著作的合集，包括《密西拿》和《革马拉》，构成了正统犹太教中宗教权威的基础。
4.The best doctors are destined for hell. There are several interpretationsfor this Talmudic adage. One is that the best doctors are destined for hell because, with their ability to healthemselves and the means to afford good food, they are rarely ill and thus arenot very devout. In addition, they will often not treat indigent people who areill. Another interpretation is that "best doctors" refers to doctorswho consider themselves as such, i.e., consider themselves experts and thus donot consult with other doctors. This results in the death of some of theirpatients.
5.Hippocratic Oath: 希波克拉底的誓言（医科学生或医生开业时表示遵守医德的誓约)。
6.Thomas Mann 托马斯·曼（1875-1955)德国作家。纳粹上台后，托马斯·曼发表《理查德·瓦格纳的苦难与伟大》的著名演讲而被迫流亡国外，1944年入美国籍。虽然他的著作在德国被查禁，他的国籍和波恩大学荣誉博士学位被剥夺，但他并没有屈服，而是以著名的公开信表明了反法西斯的严正。1929年，由于他在文学艺术领域里的杰出贡献，托马斯·曼获得获贝尔文学奖。
7.Bertolt Brecht 贝尔托·布莱希特（1898-1956)德国剧作家，戏剧理论家，导演，诗人 。曾投身工人运动。1933年后流亡欧洲大陆。战后遭迫害，1947年返回欧洲。1955年获列宁和平奖金。
8.Third Reich第三帝国(指希特勒统治下的德国[1933-1945]。
9. Himmler: 二次世界大战时德国党卫军首脑希姆莱。
10. Gnadentod: 德语，意为无痛楚的死亡，安然去世。
11. Poznan: 波兹南(波兰城市).
12. guinea pig: 1.豚鼠，天竺鼠：常被作为宠物饲养，亦被用来做实验.2. [非正式用语]被用来做实验或进行研究的人。
13. Ravensbrück, Dachau, Buchenwald, Auschwitz: 地名，分别指拉文斯布鲁克集中营，达豪集中营，布痕瓦尔德集中营，奥斯维新集中营。
14. Nuremberg: 纽伦堡(德国城市名)
15. Final Solution: The Nazi program of exterminating Jews during the GermanThird Reich:最后解决：在德国第三帝国时期纳粹党对犹太人的集体屠杀方案.
16. Adolf Eichmann: 纳粹战犯阿道夫.艾希曼.
17. Mengele: Josef Mengele，纳粹医生，有“恶魔医生”之称，二战期间非人道的在集中营用“医学人体试验”杀人。
18. Yom Kippur: Yom Kippur is the Jewish holiday of the Day of Atonement. It falls on the tenth day ofthe Hebrew month and is considered most solemn day of the year. 犹太人的赎罪日
19. anti-Semitic: 反对犹太人的，排犹的
20. Einsatzgruppen: 党卫军特别行动队: 流动武装警察部队，由保安警察、保安处和盖世太保组成，用来进攻和处决被占领国的敌人并负责集中营的管理。
21. brethren: 弟兄们, 同胞，brother的复数。
III Key sentences or pharagraphs need to be mastered.
1. This is one of those stories that invite fear.
2. Now we know. During the period of the past centurythat I call Night, medicine was practiced in certain places not toheal but to harm, not to fight off death but to serve it.
3. They preceded the torturers andassassins in the science of organized cruelty that we call theHolocaust. There is a Talmudic adage, quite disturbing, that appliesto them: Tov she-barofim le-gehinom — "The best doctorsare destined for hell." The Nazi doctors made hell.
4. How can we explain their betrayal? Whatmade them forget or eclipse the Hippocratic Oath? What gagged theirconscience? What happened to their humanity?
5.Thus, instead of doing their job, instead ofbringing assistance and comfort to the sick people who needed themmost, instead of helping the mutilated and the handicapped to live,eat, and hope one more day, one more hour, doctors became theirexecutioners.
Like the fanatical German theorists, Nazi doctors didtheir work without any crisis of conscience. They were convincedthat by helping Hitler to realize his racial ambitions, they werecontributing to the salvation of humanity. The eminent Nazi doctorresponsible for "ethical" questions, Rudolf Ramm, did nothesitate to declare that "only an honest and moral person maybecome a good doctor."
6. In Ravensbrück, Dachau,Buchenwald, and Auschwitz, German scientistsoperated on their victims without anesthesia in an effort todiscover cures for obscure diseases. The researchers let them die ofhunger, thirst, cold; they drowned them, amputated their limbs,suffocated them, dissected their still-living bodies to study theirbehavior and measure their stamina.
7. And I recall his fateful gesture thatseparated the living from the soon-to-be dead. I learned his nameonly later. Morbid rumors went around about him.
8. Mustone conclude that, since a humane science exists, there was also ascience that wasn"t humane? I won"t even consider racist theoristswho tried to treat racism as an exact science. Their vulgarstupidity deserves nothing but disdain. But there were excellentphysicians, well-informed chemists, and great surgeons — all racist.How could they seek truth and happiness for human beings at the sametime that they hated some of them solely because they belonged tohuman communities other than their own?
9. It is impossible to study the history of Germanmedicine during the Nazi period in isolation from German educationin general.
10. When Ithink about the Nazi doctors, the medical executioners, I lose hope.To find it again, I think about the others, the victim-doctors; Isee again their burning gazes, their ashen faces.
11. Whydid some know how to bring honor to humankind, while others renouncedhumankind with hatred? It is a question of choice. A choice thateven now belongs to us — to uniformed soldiers, but even more so todoctors. The killers could have decided not to kill.
12. Andhow can the recent, shameful torture to which Muslim prisoners weresubjected by American soldiers be justified? Shouldn"t the prisonconditions in Iraqhave been condemned by legal professionals and military doctorsalike?
13. Am Inaive in believing that medicine is still a noble profession, upholdingthe highest ethical principles? For the ill, doctors still stand forlife. And for us all, hope.
14. If you open the famous Hippocratic Oath,you may find the following words: I will prescribe regimen for the good of my patientsaccording to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.
IV． Discussion
1. Who or what is toblame for the creation of the assassins in white coat?
2. Why did some doctors know to bring honor tomankind, while others renounce humankind with hatred?
V. Assignment
Try to find out somematerials about doctors in Nazi period. And think about how to be a noble doctor?
