8 手术治疗
重症胰腺炎的治疗选择经历了一个由非手术、手术、“个性化方案”的发展过程,目前正处在手术和非手术2种治疗并存的阶段。一般地说在AP的急性反应期,要尽快去除病因,并争取非手术治疗。但是对需要通过手术治疗祛除病因的病例或非手术疗法无效的情况应考虑手术治疗。经过不同治疗过渡到全身感染期和残余感染期的病例是治疗的初步成功。如果出现需要手术的情况,如坏死感染包裹、胰腺或胰周脓肿则要做出手术治疗的选择[23]。
目前,对于急性胰腺炎的发病机制尚未完全阐明,细胞因子网络是如何互相作用并推动胰腺炎临床病程的演进,其详细机制并不十分清楚。细胞凋亡在胰腺组织损伤,远隔器官并发症产生中的详尽作用并不十分清楚。临床上正确判断SIRS/CARS具体哪一个占优势,尚非常困难,且SIRS/CARS在MODS发病中消长关系也不完全清楚。致使临床治疗仍停留在病因和器官功能支持上,细胞因子及血液滤过等治疗也只是刚刚起步,其具体作用机制并不十分清楚。故常常失去控制SIRS/CARS平衡的有利时机,难以明确改善预后。因此,现阶段重点应对胰腺微循环障碍、炎性介质和细胞因子作用等发病机制进行深入研究,并探讨SIRS、CARS的平衡关系及寻找临床判断标准指标。力求及早阻断SIRS的发展,预防MODS的发生,并为免疫调节治疗奠定基础。
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