呼吸运动对靶区重建的影响极大,三维放疗计划设计所依赖的CT图像,必须是肿瘤靶区处于相对静止状态下扫描的图像,否则,适形射野和剂量体积直方图将严重失真。而如何正确地控制呼吸运动显得尤为重要。 总之,在三维适形放疗技术中,精确勾画肿瘤区是优化治疗增益比的关键,要求既不漏掉肿瘤组织,又要最大限度保护正常组织。作者认为可以通过以下途径来提高靶区勾画的精确性:①提高CT机的质量,改进扫描技术;②应用融合技术(与MRI图像的融合、与PET或SPECT图像的融合);③应用增强CT扫描技术,提高组织对比度;④通过对放疗医师进行临床及影像知识的培训,可提高GTV勾画的一致性。放疗的进步与诊断技术的提高与计算机的发展密切相关。诊断的发展已由解剖性的诊断转向为功能性的诊断,包括PET、MRSI及准确率高于PET的基因检测。待这些技术临床应用成熟,肿瘤靶区的勾画范围不仅要求边界精确,而且同时要求内部结构勾画的精细,可达到组织学上的肿瘤细胞GTV的勾画,届时勾画的肿瘤范围为生物靶区。
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