5 问题与展望
目前对胆囊癌的早期诊断依然困难,继续深入开展对胆囊癌致病高危因素的基础与临床研究,对胆囊癌二级预防有重要意义。作为胆囊癌综合治疗的一部分,免疫疗法、温热疗法以及中药治疗都有报道。
尤其是近年来,随着分子生物学的迅猛发展,肿瘤的基因治疗正逐渐发展成为肿瘤治疗的一种新的手段。基因治疗在胆道恶性肿瘤的治疗方面也开展了一些相关研究,如抑癌基因治疗、自杀基因联合放射治疗等,有望为胆道肿瘤的治疗带来新的突破。随着国人胆囊癌细胞系的建立,围绕胆囊癌的生物学特征展开了深入细致的研究,并与肿瘤相关基因的研究相结合或建立动模模型,从细胞凋亡、细胞周期调控以及细胞外微环境等方面试图探索胆囊癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移机制。手术也应借助影像学和计算机辅助系统的发展,开辟外科研究的新领域,从手术设计到模拟手术、从风险预测到意外预案,为术者提供手术操作的精确范围,也为患者提供更安全的围手术期以及更好的预后。利用各种生物反应调节剂如干扰素、白介素等提高机体免疫、改善病情、延长生存期、提高生存质量,有着广泛的应用前景。
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