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医学论文范文:儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA)在高中生的初步应用
【摘要】 探讨儿童期虐待史自评量表(Personal Report of Childhood Abuse,PRCA)在高中生的应用效果和受虐待情况，并进行信度、效度分析。方法 采用编制的PRCA对240例高中生进行了测试，分析PRCA的内部一致性，重测信度，内容效度及校标效度。结果 PRCA的虐待总分及各因子的Cronbach’s α系数为0.75～0.90，重测信度为0.32～0.59(P<0.01)。各因子之间相关系数为0.19～0.68(P<0.01)，各因子与总分相关系数为0.78～0.87(P<0.01)。虐待总分与心理问题的影响、自伤行为、自杀行为和自杀意念的相关系数为0.22～0.40(P<0.01)。与男生相比，女生的受虐待率较高(72.7% vs. 52.6%，P<0.01)，受虐待程度较重(总分：141.7 vs. 108.2，P<0.01)。结论 PRCA表具有较好的信度、效度，可作为高中生进行受虐待情况调查的自评工具。
【关键词】 儿童期虐待史自评量表 信度 效度 高中生
The reliability and validity of a personal report of childhood abuse
in senior high school students
ZHU Xianghua1，2, ZHAO Houfeng1，2, LI Jiao1, ZHU Jing1， GENG Deqin3
(1.Department of Psychology, People′s Dongfang Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China;
2.Xuzhou Mental Health Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004;3.Department of Neurology,
Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002)
Abstract： Objective To develop a Personal Report of Childhood Abuse (PRCA) in senior high school students and study its reliability and validity. Methods 240 students of senior high school were assigned to fill the Personal Report of Childhood Abuse. The internal reliability, test-retest reliability and the validity of PRCA were then analysed. Results The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the PRCA was 0.75-0.90. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.32-0.59(P<0.01). The correlation coefficient among the factors of PRCA ranged from 0.19 to 0.68(P<0.01). The total score of PRCA was significantly related to autolesionism, suicide, suicidal idea and mental problems (r=0.22-0.40, P<0.01). The prevalence of abuse was higher in female students than in male students (72.7% vs. 52.6%, χ2=9.38，P<0.01 ); and so was the total score of PRCA (141.7 vs. 108.2，U=3.72，P<0.01). Conclusion The present PRCA shows acceptable reliability and validity as a self-report measure for childhood abuse experience in senior high school students.
Key words: Personal Report of Childhood Abuse; reliability; validity; senior high school students
国外学者在儿童期虐待的评估方面已经做了大量研究。近几年，国内相继引进了儿童期虐待史问卷(CECA.Q)和儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ-SF，也称儿童期虐待问卷)[1～3]，也出现了自编的童年期虐待经历问卷和儿童受虐筛查表[4～5]。但是，目前国内还没有同时具有以下特点的量表：①通过虐待行为的频度和严重程度共同界定儿童虐待;②对虐待的分类与WHO儿童虐待的定义[6]相符合;③适合于被试者进行自评;④适合于高中生使用。在前期研究中，我们根据WHO对儿童虐待的定义和分类编制了适合小学生使用的《儿童期虐待史自评量表》(Personal Report of Childhood Abuse，PRCA)，经检验其信度与效度较好[7]。因此，我们对PRCA在高中生中的使用进行了信度与效度检验。
