本试验中的温度范围在400℃~500℃之间,是因为离子交换剂硝酸钾的沸点为400℃, K+的活动性最为活跃. 而当温度大于500℃时,硝酸钾溶液将发生离子溶解,从而降低了离子交换的效果. 离子交换时间以3 h为起点是因为离子交换时间小于3 h,试件的硬度随时间增加而增加,大于3 h后,硬度随时间延长而降低[5]. 从本试验中可得知,当温度达到450℃时,弯曲强度为最大(P<0.01). 通过以往的研究显示[6],适当的离子交换时间可以使强度增加,在450℃的离子交换温度时,弯曲强度随时间延长而增加(P<0.01). 当离子交换时间达到11 h,其弯曲强度已可以满足临床的要求,这与国外学者的研究是一致的[7]. 是否延长离子交换时间其弯曲强度仍会继续增加,有待进一步实验证明. 本试验我们所采用的Cerinate热压铸瓷据报道三点弯曲强度可达到118.2 MPa[8],本试验的双轴弯曲强度为81.5 MPa,可能是实验方法不同造成的. Cerinate热压铸瓷经离子交换的双轴弯曲强度提高了167%,这较以往研究的经离子交换的双轴弯曲强度提高值(134%~170%)[4,9-10]较高或接近. 由于试验中对试件采取打磨、上釉等处理,然后再进行离子交换,这区别于以往研究[11-12],可能是弯曲强度较其他研究的弯曲强度不同的原因之一.
综上所述,热压铸陶瓷的离子交换处理较佳的温度为450℃,时间为11 h.
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