Abdominal Paracentesis

腹腔穿刺

DEFINITION

定义

The aspiration of fluid from the peritoneal cavity.

抽取腹腔内液体

PURPOSE

目的

• To obtain specimens of peritoneal fluid for bacteriological/cytological examinations.
• To administer drugs, e.g. cytotoxic drugs.
• To relieve abdominal pressure in ascites.

• 获取腹水标本进行细菌学和细胞学检查
• 给药，如细胞毒类药物
• 减轻腹水病人腹压

REQUISITES (STERILE PROCEDURE)

无菌操作用品

1. Sterile pack containing:

• Thermoplastic tray
• Forceps, sponge holding
• Forceps, non-toothed dissecting
• Forceps, tooth-dissecting
• Scissors, dressing
• Kidney dish
• Syringe – 5 ml，20 ml
• 3-way adaptor with rubber tubing
• Hypodermic needles
• Wool swabs
• Gauze
• Pad
• Dressing towels
• Cannula needle with stilette of appropriate size.
• Tubing set

1. 无菌包：

• 　热塑盘
• 　海绵夹
• 　普通无齿解剖镊子
• 　有齿解剖镊子
• 敷料剪
• 弯盆
• 5、20毫升注射器
• 橡皮管及三通接头
• 皮下针
• 棉签
• 纱布
• 垫圈
• 敷料巾
• 针管及管心针
• 输液管

1. Sterile glove pack
2. Gown
3. Antiseptic lotions
4. Local anaesthetic agent
5. Atraumatic silk suture 3/0
6. Protective material
7. Specimen bottles
8. Measuring jug
9. Occlusive dressing
10. Receptacle
11. Disposable bag
12. Sterile dressing bottle, if necessary

1. 无菌手套
2. 工作服
3. 杀菌剂
4. 局部麻醉剂
5. 无创丝线
6. 防护材料
7. 标本瓶
8. 量杯
9. 封闭敷料
10. 废物容器
11. 一次性袋子
12. 无菌敷料瓶（如有必要)

Implementation

实施

1. Weigh the patient and measure his abdominal girth.

2. Shave (if necessary) and clean the abdominal area.

3. Instruct the patient to empty his bladder.

4. Assist the patient to sit upright if his condition permits. The patient must be well supported. 医学全在.线提供

1、称体重、量腹围

2、备皮，清洁腹部

3、嘱病人排便

4、如病人身体许可，协助病人端坐、靠稳

5. Take and record pulse and respiration.

6. Assist the doctor in the performance of abdominal paracentesis.

7. The doctor will perform the following:

• a. Clean the area with antiseptic solution
• b. Drape the abdominal area with sterile towels
• c. Inject local anaesthetic agent

5、量脉搏及呼吸并记录

6、协助医生行腹腔穿刺

7、医生：

• a. 部位清洁消毒
• b. 无茵巾腹部铺巾
• c. 注射局部麻醉剂

• d. Insert the cannula with stilette. Withdraw the stilette.
• e. Aspirate the fluid slowly using a 20 ml syringe and an adaptor. (Usually 500-1000ml is withdrawn at one time.)
• f. Pinch and remove the cannula when the required amount of fluid has been withdrawn.
• g. Clean the site and apply occlusive dressing.
• h. Maintain pressure over the puncture site with a pressure dressing.

• d. 插入管针套管，抽出管针
• e. 用20毫升注射器和适配器慢慢抽出体液，通常一次抽500－1000毫升
• f. 抽足所需液体，捏住并取出套管
• g. 清洁部位，敷上封闭敷料
• h. 用加压敷裹压在穿刺部位

8. Nurse the patient in a comfortable position.

9. Record and report the following:

• a. Vital signs.
• b. Nature and amount of fluid withdrawn.
• c. Leakage of peritoneal fluid from puncture site.

8、病人取合适体位，实施护理

9、记录并报告：

• a. 生命体征
• b. 所抽液体性质及数量
• c. 穿刺部位腹膜液渗漏

10. Dispatch the specimens to the laboratory.

11. Decontaminate articles.

12. Check the patient’s weight to assess the effectiveness of (when condition permits) the treatment and his abdominal girth, if necessary.

10、标本送化验室

11、清洁器械

12、必要时，检查病人体重，评估治疗效果及腹围