2014年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案
第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. All the walls in the building had the same layout.
A. size
B. function
C. color
D. arrangment
2. The storm caused severe damage.
A. physical
B. accidental
C. serious
D. enviromental
3. The walls are made of hollow concret blocks.
A. big
B. empty
C. long
D. new
4. Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.
A. offer
B. provide
C. modernize
D. fund
5. Do we have to wear these name tags?
A. lists
B. forms
C. lables
D. codes
6. Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted ”Joe,Joe,Joe”
A. repeated
B. jumped
C. maintained
D. approached
7. He inspired many young people to take up sports.
A. encouraged
B. allowed
C. called
D. advised
8. The city center was wiped out by the bomb.
A. covered
B. reduced
C. destroyed
D. moved
9. Most baby can take in a wide range of food easily.
A. bring
B. digest
C. keep
D. serve
10. A larg crowd assembled outside the American embassy.
A. watched
B. shouted
C. gathered
D. walked
11. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
A. fresh
B. hot
C. heavy
D. windy
12. What puzzles me iswww.med126.com why his books are so popular.
A. shocks
B. influences
C. confuses
D. concerns
13. I think $7 a drink is a bit steep, don’t you?
A. tight
B. low
C. cheap
D. high
14. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A. need
B. hate
C. love
D. pity
15. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A. slightly
B. partly
C. faintly
D. completely
［答案］：DCBCCAACBCACDDD
第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Brotherly Love
1. Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.
2. The brothers’ father was a ball maker.
3. The brothers make shoes at home.
4. The brothers argued about the shoes.
5. The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.
6. Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.
7. People in town have forgotten their argument.
［答案］BBABACB
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
How technology pushes down price(原文有删减)
The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the world's principal source of nutmeg. The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%. The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan. As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one. But deflation has characterized the food business for 医学全在线网站www.med126.comcenturies, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.
Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded. More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital; it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper. Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of people's stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop (see chart 4).
Genetically modified (GM) seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip” Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop rotation. Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century. The railway opened up the American mid-west. The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse. After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice (which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over) boosted developing-country output. The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “livestock revolution”, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute. Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries. By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971. Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries. Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do. Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the world's soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology. Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution. Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles; and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment. In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France. The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop. Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale. Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition. Britain's Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players. In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death”, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims. Wal-Mart's scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force ($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage. It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors' price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kellogg's Corn Flakes for 56%. Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain. Once upon a time, power lay with landlords. In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers. Lord Haskins, Tony Blair's adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.医学 全在.线提供www.med126.com
