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中医理论中医临床诊治中医药术语标准中国方剂数据库中医疾病数据库OCT说明书不良反应中草药图谱药物数据药学下载
您现在的位置: 医学全在线 > 中医理论 > 中医书籍 > 正文:八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表
    

医院药学:八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表

药物名称消除速率常数k或β(hr-1)半衰期tl/2或tl/2β口服吸收(%)表现分布容积vb(mg/L)有效血浓度范围(mg/L)峰时tm(hr)蛋白结合率BP(%)消除率Cls[L/(hr.kg)]解离指数pKa乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin0.3122.23 0.25-0.34-80.5-1.0(IM) 0.78 乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin1.390.5…

药物名称消除速率常数k或β(hr-1)半衰期tl/2或tl/2β口服吸收(%)表现分布容积vb(mg/L)有效血浓度范围(mg/L)峰时tm(hr)蛋白结合率BP(%)消除率Cls[L/(hr.kg)]解离指数pKa
乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin0.3122.23 0.25-0.34-80.5-1.0(IM) 0.78 
乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin1.390.500.28 0.5-1.0(IM)900.392.6(-COO-)
乙胺丁醇Ethambutol0.1983.5301.871-102-4(PO400.37 
乙琥胺Ethosuximide 成人50-60儿童30-50100成人0.62儿童0.6940-1002-4(PO<2成人0.01-0.013儿童0.0161.3
乙酰唑胺Acetazolamide0.1694.1
2.4-5.8
>900.210-10.5
10-15
  0.0347.2
9.0
乙酰普鲁卡因胺Acetylprocainamide0.0828.5851.52-20 100.12 
二甲胺四环素Minocycline 12900.430.5-3.01-3(PO750.025 
二性霉素B AmphotericinB0.02918-24<30.5-1.0  >900.025 
二氮嗪Diazoxid 21-361000.2  90-950.005 
丁胺卡那霉素Amikacin0.283-0.3112-390-1000.2510-251.0(IM)0-200.069 
三氯乙醇Trichlorethanol 4-8 0.6 0.5(PO400.07 
碘甲腺氯酸钠T3 3390-100 70-1601-299.50.014 
万古霉素Vancomycin0.126-8 0.47 0.2(IV)100.047 
土霉素Cxytetracycline0.0696-960-801.91.0-10.01-3(PO)20-300.18 
双异丙吡胺Dicopyramide0.1544.5-770-1000.8-1.9总药浓度2-5游离药浓度0.5-20.5-310-80(与血药浓度有关)0.0015-0.0048.34
双氯青霉素Dicloxacillin0.990.5-0.9 0.2915-181.0(IM)960.29 
水合氯醛Choral Hydrate 4-8 0.6100.5(PO)400.07 
心得静Pondolol 3-41002.00.05-0.151-3 0.4 
普萘洛尔心得安)Porpranlolo 3>902.0-4.60.01-0.21-1.5(PO)90-950.79.5
心得怡Sotalol 5-1380-900.70.5-42-3 0.0549.8
心得舒Alprenolol 3>903.30.03-0.10.5-1.0(PO)850.769.7
对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol 2-485-1000.8-1.01-100.5-1.0(PO)250.21 
扑米酮Primidone 成人6-8儿童5-880-900.66-152-4(PO20-30单独用药0.0309合并用药0.0739 
去甲丙咪嗪Desipramine 10-26 28-600.15-0.32-8(PO901.6910.2
去甲金霉素Demethylchlortetracycline0.07-0.04310-1660-801-20.5-31-4(PO500.08 
去甲替林Nortrpytline 2760200.05-0.164-9(PO)92-960.5 
丙咪嗪Imipramine 8-1680-10020-400.15-0.50.5-1.0(PO)951.739.5
丙基硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil 2-4800.2-0.4 1.0(PO)750.078.3
丙磺舒Probenecid 6-181000.12-0.18100-2001-5(PO)85-950.013.4
布洛芬Brufen 2 0.15 0.5-1.5(PO)990.052 
左旋多巴Leayodopa 320-30(吸收) 0.5-4   8.2
白霉素Leucomycin0.1394.5-5.5   2(PO)72  
苷珀酸Carbenoxolne 13-16 0.1 1-2(空腹PO)饭后(PO) 0.005 
甲硝唑Metronidazole 6-1490-1000.6-0.75-201-2(PO)5-200.045 
可待因Codeine0.2312-4503.450.0251.0(PO) 0.88.2
巴比妥Pentobarbital 21-4270-800.71-4初次用药6-18长期用药3760-700.0158.1
卡马西平Carbamazepine 成人10-30儿童8-1990-1000.8-1.44-121.0-2.0(IM)65-85成人初次用药0.011-0.026儿童初次用药0.028 
卡那霉素Kanamycin0.289-0.332-2.590-950.252-80.5-1.0(IM)1.0(PO)00.0777.2
头孢氨苄(先锋霉素Ⅳ)Cephalexin0.6550.83-1.290-950.26G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)10-150.185.3(-COOH-)7.3(-NH2)
头孢匹林(先锋霉素)Cephapirin.1.1550.690-950.23G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
 40-500.27 
头孢娄利定(先锋II)Cephaloridine0.621-1.590-950.25同上同上20
10-30
0.14 
头孢噻吩(先锋霉素I)Cephalothin1.40.5-1.090-950.25同上同上65
60-80
0.23 
头孢格来星(先锋霉素Ⅲ)Cenhaloglycin0.770.980-95 G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
15min(IV)0.5-1.0IM24 4.7
头孢唑啉(先锋霉素Ⅴ)Cepahzolin0.3851.4-2.290-950.15同上5.0-1.0(IM)5min(PO)75-850.0582.3
头孢雷定(先锋霉素Ⅵ)Cepahzolin0.809-0.99440-50min90-950.25同上1.0(PO)5min(IV)5-200.23 
头孢曲(先锋Ⅶ)Cephacetrile0.4621.590-950.27G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
1.0(PO)5min(IV)22.340.1251.97
甲状腺素Thyroxine 144-16890-950.1-0.20.03-0.04 99.950.067 
甲氧苄胺嘧定Trimethoprim0.078-12 20.5-121.5-3.3(PO)140.147.2
甲氧苯青霉素Methicillin1.3860.5-100.3-0.421-0.5(IM)50
35-60
0.332.7
甲基多巴Methyldopa0.352 0.5>24(PO)0-200.172.2(-COOH)10.6(-NH)12.0(-OH)
甲基多粘菌素0.154405 0.5 1-2(IM) 0.077 
甲烯土霉素Methacycline0.053310-1660-680.971.0-10.01-4(PO)-3(PO)700.052 
甲苯磺丁脲Tobutamide 4-885-1000.1-0.1550-100 980.0145.3
对基水杨酸Para aminosalicylic acid0.770.9Sol:100混液:70片:900.230.6Na:盐0.5-1.0酸型3-4(PO)650.181.8(-NH)3.6(-COOH)
四环素Tetracycline0.0996-1060-801-21.0-10.01-3(PO)25-300.138.3
地高辛Digoxin0.01730-5050-936-100.0006-0.00181-2(PO)0.5-0.75250.14 
西梭霉素Sisomicin0.305-0.3472.0-2.5 0.25-0.34-80.75-1.0(IM)0-200.85 
灰黄霉素Griseofulyin 8-2440-70(微晶型)1-20.3-1.32-4(PO) 0.065 
华法令Warfarin0.01644
15-60
1000.11-102-8(PO)990.00194.8
5.0
优降糖Glybenznyclamide 5-2 0.1 2-6(PO)99-950.008 
多粘菌素B PolymyxinB0.163-8  0.5-4.02
(IM)
<10 8.9
多粘菌素E(抗霉素)Polymyxin E0.311.5-8 0.5 1-2
(IM)
<100.078.9
红霉素Erythromycin0.4621.5-3400.60.5-31-4
(PO)
70-900.1858.8(-NH2)
吗啡Morphine 1.5-2.52010.07-0.110-20min
(IM)
350.358.0
9.0
庆大霉素Gentamycin0.352<50.253-80.5-1
(IM)
25-300.087 
氯,贝丁酯(安妥明)Clofibrate 8-1690-1000.1280-150 960.007 
安定Diazepam 20-5075-1000.20.1-11-2
(PO)
980.004 
螺内酯(安体舒通)Spironolactone 10min90(吸收)0.05 3
(PO)
900.213.4
安替比林Antipyrine 10-151000.48-0.7  100.033 
异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline 2.5 0.5 80min
(PO)
10min(吸入)
 0.141.4
异烟肼Isoniazide0.193
0.63
3.6(慢乙酰化型)0.7-2(快乙酰化型)900.60.5-1.01-2
(PO)
18-300.12
0.31
1.8
3.5
10.8
抗癫灵Antiepilepsirin 8-15 0.15-0.
4
 1-4
(PO)
900.016 
哌替定Pethidine 2-450-704.70.2-0.61-2(IM)60
65-75
1.098.7
苄二甲胍Bethanidine 7-1550-1006 1-5
(PO)
80.38 
呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin0.71.0 0.711-22
(PO)
50-600.497.2
别嘌醇Allopurine 2-880  2-6
(PO)
  9.0
利多卡因Lidocaine0.461.520-501.6
(0.58-1.19)
2-52-5min(IV)0.5(IM)60-700.747.9
利福平Rifampicin0.252-590-950.60.5-101-2
(PO)
900.12 
邻氯青霉素Cloxacillin1.390.550-800.157-141.0
(IM)
940.212.7
妥布霉素Tobramycin0.251-0.3471.5-3.590-1000.252-101.0
(IM)
0-200.07 
纳洛酮Naloxone0.6931203 0.15-1
(IM)
 2.1 
阿托品Atropine 3-4
13-38
 2-4
10
 15-50
min
(IM)
1.0(PO)
500.59
0.27
9.9
阿米替林Amitriptyline 8-20
32-40
658.80.05-0.3 95-980.44
0.17
9.4
乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)Acetylsalicylic
Acid
 2.0-30(min)80-1000.15-0.220-100(解热镇痛)100-250(抗炎)1-2
(PO)
50-800.293.5
环磷酰胺Cyclophosphamide0.1073-11 0.4-0.6 1.0
(PO)
10-200.05 
青霉素Penicillin1.3860.515
(20-40)
0.251.5-1.00.25-0.5
(IM)
650.352.8
青紫霉素Lividomycin0.277-0.3722-2.5   1-2
(IM)
20-30  
苯乙双胍(降糖灵)Phenformin0.231350-705-10100-240(ng-/ml)2-4
(PO)
20-251.73 
苯巴比妥Phenobarbital 成人53-140儿童37-94>90成人0.7儿童0.7-1.215-406-18
(PO)
45-50www.lindalemus.com/shouyi/成人0.0032老人0.0024儿童0.0082新生儿0.00647.3
苯妥英钠Phenytoin 成人18-30儿童12-22900.6-0.810-204
3-10
(PO)
88-920.029803
苯海拉明Diphenhydramine 4-10503-40.01-0.12-4
(PO)
98-990.359.0
7.7
苯唑青霉素Oxacillin1.3860.5-1.0700.255-61.0(PO)0.5-1.0
(IM)
900.23 
苯磺唑酮Sulfinpyrazine 3-590-1000.15 1.0(PO)98-990.026 
林可霉素Limcoycin0.1544-6400.352-102-4
(PO)
1-2
(IM)
700.0497.6(-NH2)
金刚烷胺Amamtadin0.3152290-1006 1-4
(PO)
 0.19 
肼苯达www.lindalemus.com/zhicheng/嗪Hydralazine 2-880(吸收)0.3-0.70.5-1.51-4
(PO)
870.07 
5-氟胞嘧啶5-Flurocytosine0.233-6   2-6
(PO)
48  
氟哌啶醇Haloperidol 18-30 20-30 3-6
(PO)
 0.72 
氟氯青霉素Flucloxacillin1.390.50.8450.12-0.25.04 960.2 
氢化可的松Hydrocortisone0.4620.5-2100.03  950.17 
茶碱Theophylline0.1153-9>950.3-0.67.5-201-3
(PO)
200.052 
保泰松Phenylbutazone 24-12090-1000.1-0.3540-1501-2
(PO)
90-980.002 
秋水仙碱Colchicine0.4620.5-1.5 2 0.5-2(PO) 1.39 
呋喃苯胺酸(速尿)Furosemide 1.4-3.50-600.1-0.20.1-0.21.0(PO)0.5(IM)95-990.042 
奎尼丁Quinidine0.0963-1640-900.5-3.02-81-2
(PO)
30-90
min
(IM)
60-800.13 
地黄毒甙Digitoxin0.005896-16890-1000.50.01-0.0351-3
(PO)
95-970.0026 
美沙酮Meygadone0.0917.6-151001.50.48-0.864
(PO)
84-870.09 
美多心安Metoprolol 3-4505.6   1.11 
甲氨喋呤Methotrexate 2-3.5 成人0.75-0.8儿童0.2-1.0
(PO)
1-350-70 4.3
5.5
氨喋青霉素Ampicillin0.61-1.5500.42-80.5-1.0(IM)200.222.5(-COOH)7.2(-NH2)
氨酰心胺Atenolol 6-950-600.70.2-1.32-4 0.065 
胺甲苯辛胺Tolamolol0.352.5303.2 2 0.89 
胍乙啶Guanethidine 43-12050-80  3(OP)  8.3
11.4
胰岛素Insulin 10min 0.610-20μU/ml 1-102.5 
吲哚美辛Indomethacin 2-109-1000.3-1.60.5-31-2
(OP)
900.11 
莨菪碱Hyoscyamiue 13-38 2-4 15-50min(IM)1.0(OP)500.0829.7
唑酮头孢菌素Cephanone0.2772.5 0.47  880.047 
萘啶酸Nalidixic acid0.431.5-2.0 0.26-0.45  930.14 
羧苄青霉素Carbenicillin0.4621-1.5<100.1810-1500.5-1.0(IM)500.0712.7(-COOH)2.7-3.9(-NH2)
羟苄四唑头孢菌素Cefamandole0.71.090-950.31 15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)750.22 
羟氨苄青霉素Amoxicillin0.71.0-1.580-900.472-81.0(IM)15-200.262.4(-COOH)7.4(-NH2)
硫酸奎宁Quinine sulfate0.135.31002.02-51-2(PO)700.264.1
8.4
紫霉素Viomycin0.352 0.24 2(IM) 0.083 
氯丙嗪
Chiorpromazine
 23-3725200.5-0.73-4(PO)
1-2(IM)
95-980.469.3
克林霉素Clindamycin0.292-2.5901.22-101.0(PO)
3.0(IM)
900.376.9
7.45
氯喹Chloroquine0.01370-12080-100112 6(PO)550.828.4
氯硝基安定Chlornitrazepam 20-6075-901.5-4.4 1-2(PO)450.05210.8
氯霉素Chloramphenicol0.2771.5-475-90成人0.55-0.98儿童1.1-2.54-202-3
(PO)
60-800.155.5
氯磺丙脲Chlorpropamide 36-40 0.1-0.230-1401-2(PO)5-100.00275.0
普鲁卡因胺Procainamide 2.5-4.575-951.7-2.24-81.0-2(PO)30min(IM)150.49.2
卡巴咪嗪Carbamazepine(Tegretol) 20-60 0.8-1.42-108
(PO)
65-830.036 
催产素Oxytccin 5-16min 0.24-120(pg/ml) 300.83 
叠氮霉素Azidocillin0.8660.6-1.0 0.35-0.6  83-850.432.8
美西律(慢心律)Mexiletine0.0611.5≈1004.50.5-20  0.27 
新霉素Neomycin0.352 0.25 1.0(IM) 0.087 
溴苄胺Bretylium0.0710  0.2-0.4    
脱氧土霉素Doxycycline0.0314-25901-21-101-3
(PO)
25-310.523.4
沷尼松Prednisone0.6931 0.5-0.6 1.0
(PO)
540.38 
沷尼松龙Prednisolone0.2173 0.5-0.6 1.0
(PO)
540.13 
碳酸锂Lithum carbonate0.02825>950.70.4-0.7mmol/L1-2
(PO)
 0.026.8
链霉素Streptomycin0.2772-3 0.25 0.5-3(IM)30-350.07 
镇痛新Pentazocine0.3751.85 30.03-0.11-3
(PO)
15-60
min
(IM)
60-701.1211.2
磺胺Sulfanamide0.077980-85 100-1502-4
(PO)
5-20 10.4
磺胺二甲胺基嘧啶(SM2)Sulfamethoxazole0.0997 0.6180-1002-4
(PO)
800.067.4
磺胺甲基异噁唑(SMZ)Sulfamethoxazole0.0638-1285-1000.390-1002-4
(PO)
680.0216
磺胺异噁唑(SIZ)Sulfamethoxazole0.121685-1000.1580-1502-4
(PO)
680.0176
磺胺嘧啶
(SD)
Sulfaisoxazole
0.0411785-1000.6 2-4
(PO)
680.0256.3
噻吩甲氧头孢菌素Cefoxitin0.990.790-950.290.005-0.01同上450.29 
噻吗心安Timolol 2-4721.8 1-2730.42 
噻嗪类利尿药Thiazide 1-460-90  1-3
(PO)
99  

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