摘要的内容
摘要的作用：简明但稍微具体地反映一篇论文的主要内容，供阅读、编入数据库等。
摘要构成：国内期刊要求：目的、方法、结果、结论。国外, 不同期刊要求不同。如N Engl J Med要求：Background, Method, Result, Conclusion；JAMA则要求：Context (上下文，相当于Background), Objective, Design and Setting, Patients, Intervention, Main Outcome Measures, Results, Conclusions. 要求更详细而具体，实际上也可以分成4个部分。Lancet要求与N Engl J Med基本相同：Bckground, Methods, Findings, Interpretation.
目的
多用动词不定式短语表示。如：[Abstract] Objective? To evaluate the reliability of 13C-urea? breath? test (13C-UBT) in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection by using gastroscopy and serum HP antibody testing.
表示目的的这一段文字应尽可能避免与文题完全重复。
常用于表示目的的动词不定式短语有以下这些：To evaluate …，To explore …，To understand …，To clarify …
To determine …，To compare …，To test the hypothesis that ...
有些期刊(包括国内期刊)在目的这一部分允许加一些背景资料，同时指出研究目的。例如：Objective Although the potential for life-threatening allergic reactions in children is a significant health concern for schools, there is little information about the circumstances surrounding anaphylactic events that occur in schools. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of anaphylaxis in schools, describe the circumstances around anaphylactic events, assess practices that are used to manage students with life-threatening allergies, and identify opportunities for improvement. (Pediatrics. 2005, 116(5):1134)
在这种情况下，需要用完整的句子表示研究的目的，常见的表示目的的句子和词语有：The present study aimed at … （接动名词或名词)
The purpose of this study was to …;
We determined … to clarify …,
We aimed to see …
We conducted the present study to …
The present study was designed to … (conducted to …)等等。
但这里应当特别指出的是：这类句子的谓语动词时态都应用一般过去时。此外，这种表示研究目的的句子，不是直接接在Objective这一小标题后面的。
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