18、咽和扁桃体[pharynx and tonsil]
•鼻（口)咽[nasal (oral) pharynx]
•扁桃体不肿大[no enlargement of tonsil]
•无充血和渗出[no injection (congestion) and exudate]
•脓点（滤泡，白色小点)[beads of pus (follicle, white particle)]
•扁桃体出血（感染，肥大，溃疡)[hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil]
•扁桃体肿大[swelling of tonsil]
•扁桃体（后，周围)脓肿[tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess]
•扁桃体缺如[tonsil deletion]
•扁桃体隐窝（窝)[tonsillar crypts (fossa)]
•咽部异物（溃疡，分泌物)[pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)]
•咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生[retropharyneal folliculosis]
•咽部干燥（疱疹，充血，水肿)[dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat]
•咽反射[pharynx reflex]
•咽下不能[dysphagia]
•腮腺肿大[enlargement of parotid gland]
19、喉[larynx]
•白喉（喉白斑)[diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)]
•喉闭锁[atretolemia]
•喉梗阻[laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)]
•喉痉挛（狭窄)[laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)]
•喉头痉挛[laryngospasm]
•喉反射[laryngeal reflex]
•喉坏死（钙化)[necrosis (calcification)of larynx]
•喉瘘（囊肿，脓肿，息肉，血肿，异物)[laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)]
•喉膨出[laryngocele]
•喉缺失[absence of largnx]
•喉头水肿[laryngeal edema]
•声嘶（哑)[hoarseness (dumbness)]
•变（失)声[mutation (loss) of voice]
•失音[aphonia]
•发音（构音)障碍[pararthria (dysarthria)]
•喉部感觉缺失[laryngeal anesthesia]
•会厌发育不全（擦伤，裂，囊肿，脓肿)[agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis]
•会厌分叉（结节)[bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)]
•声带肥厚[hypertrophy of vocal cords]
•声带麻痹[vocal cord paralysis]
•声带小结[vocal nodule]医学全在线www.med126.com
•声带息肉[polyp of vocal cord]
•声门痉挛[glottis spasm]
•声门下狭窄[subglottic stenosis]
20、颈部[neck]
•颈部创伤[neck trauma]
•颈部淋巴结（囊肿)[cervical lymph node (cyst)]
•颈动脉窦按摩[carotid sinus massage]
•颈强直[neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)]
•颈软[soft neck (supple)]
•斜颈[torticollis]
•角弓反张[opisthotonus]
•颈静脉搏动（曲张)[jugular pulse (varicosity)]
•颈静脉怒张[jugular vein distention (JVD)]
•颈静脉充盈（怒张)[jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)]
•库斯毛氏征[Kussmaul`s sign]
•肝颈反流[hepatojugular reflex]
•收缩期（舒张期)囊颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
•颈动脉搏动异常（增强、减弱、消失)[abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)]
21、甲状腺[thyroid]
•弥漫（局灶，结节)性甲状腺肿大[diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement]
•甲状腺震颤[thyroid tremor]
•震颤[thrill]
•甲状腺血管杂音[thyroid vascular murmur]
•甲状腺峡部[isthmus of thyroid gland]
•甲状旁腺[parathyroid gland]
•甲状腺囊肿（滤泡、肿块，出血)[thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)]
22、气管[trachea]
•气管插管[endotracheal intubation]
•气管痉挛[tracheospasm]
•气管囊肿（息肉、狭窄、移位)[tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)]
•气管（向右)偏移[displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)]
•气管居中[trachea is in the midline]
•气管内异物[intratracheal foreign body]
