第五节 禁忌症
本项中最常用的英语表示法是Contraindications，也有用Restrictions on Use（用药限制)的。
一、本项中涉及到禁用（或慎用)某些药物的患者或某种特殊情况，例如：
1、孕妇、妊娠期或哺乳期，幼童等：
pregnant woman 孕妇
lactation 哺乳期
in pregnancy 妊娠期
children under …years of age …岁以下儿童
the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最初三个月
2、患有某些疾病或过敏的患者，如：
allergic (hypersensitive) to… 对…过敏的
allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 过敏反应
allegy (hypersensitivity) to… 对…过敏
patients with… (who…) 患有…的患者
二、本项中常出现一些疾病名称，例如：
cardiac failure 心力衰竭
hypertension 高血压
cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心（肾)功能不全
severe hypotension 严重低血压
impairment of kidney (renal function) 肾功能损伤
diabetes 糖尿病
liver (hepatic) damage 肝损伤
severe anemia 严重贫血
三、常见句型
1) 省略句型，只列出禁忌对象或疾病名称等。
例1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds.
孕期，对氨甲叶酸过敏，肝、肾功能障碍，血液系统疾病（骨髓机能减退、白细胞及血小板减少、贫血)，传染病，口腔及胃溃疡，近期术后伤口等忌用。医学 全在.线提供www.med126.com
例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency.
对喹喏酮类过敏，严重肾功能不全。
2) 完整的句子或段落。其中常用的结构有：
contraindications are… 禁忌症是…
be contraindicated in (for) … 对…禁忌
should not be used (employed) in … 不得用于…
It is advisable to avoid the use of … 建议不用于…
must not be administered (given) to… 对…不得用药
should be used with caution 慎用
be not recommended for… 最好不用于…
none reported 未见报道
not known 不清楚
还可能有一些其他的结构。
例3. Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
先锋5号禁用于已知对头孢菌素类抗生素过敏的患者。
例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use.医.学 全,在.线,提供www.med126.com
如果不是临床需要，建议本品不要与环丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉剂合用。
例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age.
若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起过敏反应，则应禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性肾结石的患者建议不要使用本品，二岁以下儿童不得服用。
例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur.
接受大剂量安眠药的患者不应使用吩噻嗪化合物，对有惊厥病史的患者应慎用，因为已知有发生过癫痫大发作。
