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Generic Name: phenobarbital |
通用名：苯巴比妥 | |
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Brand Name: Luminal® |
商标名：鲁米那® | |
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Drug Category: barbiturate, nonselective central nervous system depressant |
类别：巴比妥类药，非选择性中枢神经系统抑制药 | |
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Dosage Form: Tablet, Elixir |
剂型：片剂、酏剂 | |
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Indication |
适用症 | |
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a. Sedatives. b. Hypnotics, for the short-term treatment of insomnia c. Preanesthetics. d. Long-term anticonvulsants for the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic and cortical local seizures. |
a. 镇静 b. 催眠，短期治疗失眠症 c. 前驱麻醉 | |
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Inactive Ingredients |
辅助成份 | |
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Oral Tablets - corn starch, lactose, magnesium stearate and sodium starch glycolate Oral Elixir - ethyl alcohol, glycerin, oil of orange, sucrose, water |
口服片剂－玉米淀粉、乳糖、硬脂酸镁和羟甲基淀粉钠 | |
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Mechanism of Action |
作用原理 | |
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Phenobarbital acts on GABA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition. This has the effect of elevating seizure threshold and reducing the spread of seizure activity from a seizure focus. Phenobarbital may also inhibit calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in excitatory transmitter release. The sedative-hypnotic effects of phenobarbital are likely the result of its effect on the polysynaptic midbrain reticular formation, which controls CNS arousal. |
苯巴比妥作用于γ-氨基丁酸受体，增加突触后神经抑制，提高发作阈值，减少发作病灶效能的扩散。苯巴比妥还对钙通道起抑制作用，减少兴奋性递质的释放。苯巴比妥的镇静催眠效果很可能是其对多突触中脑网状结构作用的结果，它控制CNS觉醒。 | |
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Toxicity |
毒性作用 | |
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CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may show paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, and coma. Typical shock syndrome (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death) may occur. |
CNS和呼吸抑制可导致潮式呼吸、反射消失、瞳孔微缩（中毒严重时可表现为无力性扩张)、少尿、心动过速、低血压、低温和昏迷。也可能出现典型的休克综合症（呼吸暂停、循环衰竭、呼吸停止、死亡)。 | |
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Half Life: 53 to 118 hours (mean 79 hours) |
半衰期：53至118小时（平均79小时)。 | |
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Pharmacology |
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Phenobarbital is capable of producing all levels of CNS mood alteration, from excitation to mild sedation to hypnosis, and deep coma. Over-dosage can produce death. In high enough therapeutic doses, Phenobarbital induces anesthesia. Phenobarbital depresses the sensory cortex, decreases motor activity, alters cerebellar function, and produces drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis. Phenobarbital-induced sleep differs from physiological sleep. Sleep laboratory studies have demonstrated that Phenobarbital reduces the amount of time spent in the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep or the dreaming stage. Also Stages III and IV sleep are decreased. Following abrupt cessation of Phenobarbital used regularly, patients may experience markedly increased dreaming, nightmares and/or insomnia. Therefore, withdrawal of a single therapeutic dose over 5 or 6 days has been recommended to lessen the REM rebound and disturbed sleep which contribute to drug withdrawal syndrome (for example, decrease the dose from 3 to 2 doses a day for 1 week). |
苯巴比妥可导致CNS状 态改变，由兴奋至轻度镇静至催眠，直至深度昏迷。用药过量可致死。足够的治疗剂量可诱发麻醉。苯巴比妥抑制感觉皮层，减弱运动活力，改变小脑功能，引起困 倦、镇静和催眠。苯巴比妥诱导的睡眠与生理睡眠不同。睡眠实验证明，苯巴比妥缩短睡眠眼速动期或睡梦期时间，睡眠第三期和第四期也被缩短。若在定期使用苯 巴比妥一段时间后突然停药，病人睡梦、梦魇和/或失眠明显增加，因此，有人建议用5－6天时间逐渐停止单次治疗剂量以减少快速眼动睡眠反跳和睡眠混乱，避免戒断综合症（如将一周剂量由一天三次减为一天两次)。 | |
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Phenobarbital has little analgesic action at subanesthetic doses. Rather, in sub anesthetic doses, this drug may increase the reaction to painful stimuli. All barbiturates exhibit anticonvulsant activity in anesthetic doses. However, of the drugs in this class, only phenobarbital, mephobarbital, and metharbital are effective as oral anticonvulsants in sub hypnotic doses. |
苯巴比妥亚麻醉剂量时几无镇痛作用，反倒会增加对疼痛刺激的反应。所有麻醉剂量的巴比妥类药都有抗惊厥作用，不过，在此类药物中，只有苯巴比妥、甲苯比妥和美沙比妥的亚催眠剂量效果和口服抗惊厥剂相同。 | |
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Phenobarbital is a respiratory depressant. The degree of respiratory depression is dependent upon the dose. With hypnotic doses, respiratory depression produced by Phenobarbital is similar to that which occurs during physiologic sleep with slight decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Studies in laboratory animals have shown that Phenobarbital causes reduction in the tone and contractility of the uterus, ureters, and urinary bladder. However, concentrations of the drug required to produce this effect in humans are not reached with sedative-hypnotic doses. Phenobarbital does not impair normal hepatic function but has been shown to induce liver microsomal enzymes, thus increasing and/or altering the metabolism of barbiturates and other drugs. |
苯巴比妥为呼吸抑制剂，呼吸抑制程度取决于剂量。催眠剂量苯巴比妥产生的呼吸抑制效果类似于生理睡眠状态，血压、心率略有降低。动物实验表明，苯巴比妥导致子宫、输尿管、膀胱张力和收缩力降低。然而，镇静-催眠剂量无法达到人体产生这种效果所需的药物浓度。 苯巴比妥不损害肝脏的功能，但可诱导肝微粒体酶，从而增加或改变巴比妥类和其他药物的代谢。 | |
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Drug Abuse and Dependence |
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Tolerance, psychological dependence, and physical dependence may occur especially following prolonged use of high doses of phenobarbital. As tolerance to phenobarbital develops, the amount needed to maintain the same level of intoxication increases; tolerance to a fatal dosage, however, does not increase more than two-fold. As this occurs, the margin between an intoxicating dosage and fatal dosage becomes smaller. |
苯巴比妥可导致耐受性、精神性和身体性依赖，尤其是长期大剂量服用。随着苯巴比妥耐药性的增强，保持相同宿醉状态所需的药量也随之增加，但是，对致死剂量耐受性的增加却不会超过两倍。此时，中毒剂量和致死剂量之间的差距缩短。 | |
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Symptoms of acute intoxication with phenobarbital include unsteady gait, slurred speech, and sustained nystagmus. Mental signs of chronic intoxication include confusion, poor judgment, irritability, insomnia, and somatic complaints. |
苯巴比妥急性中毒症状包括步态不稳、言语不清和持续眼震。慢性中毒心理症状包括意识混乱、判断力差、易怒、失眠及躯体不适。 | |
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Symptoms of phenobarbital dependence are similar to those of chronic alcoholism. If an individual appears to be intoxicated with alcohol to a degree that is radically disproportionate to the amount of alcohol in his or her blood, the use of barbiturates should be suspected. The lethal dose of a barbiturate is far less if alcohol is also ingested. The symptoms of phenobarbital withdrawal can be severe and may cause death. Minor withdrawal symptoms may appear 8 to 12 hours after the last dose of phenobarbital. These symptoms usually appear in the following order: anxiety, muscle twitching, tremor of hands and fingers, progressive weakness, dizziness, distortion in visual perception, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and orthostatic hypotension. Major withdrawal symptoms (convulsions and delirium) may occur within 16 hours and last up to 5 days after abrupt cessation of this drug. Intensity of withdrawal symptoms gradually declines over a period of approximately 15 days. Individuals susceptible to phenobarbital abuse and dependence include alcoholics and opiate abusers, as well as other sedative- hypnotic and amphetamine abusers. |
苯巴比妥依赖症状与慢性酒精中毒症状相似。如果病人出现酒精中毒症状，血液酒精浓度异常，就应怀疑使用苯巴比妥。饮酒者的苯巴比妥致死量更小。苯巴比妥戒断症状会很严重，可能引起死亡，轻微的戒断症状可能在末次剂量8－12小时后出现，症状出现顺序通常为：焦虑、肌肉颤搐、手及手指发颤、进行性无力、头昏、视觉失真、恶心、呕吐、失眠和体位性低血压。16小时内出现重大戒断症状（抽搐和谵妄)，从突然停药起可持续5天。在大约15天左右的时间里，戒断症状强度逐渐减弱。苯巴比妥滥用和依赖易感个体包括滥用酒精和鸦片及其他镇静-催眠、苯丙胺药物者。 | |
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Drug dependence on phenobarbital arises from repeated administration of the barbiturate or an agent with barbiturate-like effect on a continuous basis, generally in amounts exceeding therapeutic dose levels. The characteristics of drug dependence on phenobarbital include: (a) a strong desire or need to continue taking the drug, (b) a tendency to increase the dose, (c) a psychic dependence on the effects of the drug related to subjective and individual appreciation of those effects, and (d) a physical dependence on the effects of the drug requiring its presence for maintenance of homeostasis and resulting in a definite, characteristic, and self-limited abstinence syndrome when the drug is withdrawn. |
苯巴比妥药物依赖缘于巴比妥类或具有巴比妥样效用的制剂的连续重复使用，其剂量通常都超出治疗量。苯巴比妥药物依赖特征：1、有继续服用的强烈愿望或需要；2、增加剂量趋势明显；3、对药物效果的精神性依赖与个体对这些效果的主观认识有关；和4、对药物效果的躯体依赖要求通过药物来保持体内稳定，一旦停药，就会导致明显、特异和自限性戒断综合症。 | |
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Treatment of phenobarbital dependence consists of cautious and gradual withdrawal of the drug. One method involves substituting a 30 mg dose of phenobarbital for each 100 to 200 mg dose that the patient has been taking. The total daily amount of phenobarbital is then administered in 3 to 4 divided doses, not to exceed 600 mg daily. Should signs of withdrawal occur on the first day of treatment, a loading dose of 100 to 200 mg of phenobarbital may be administered IM in addition to the oral dose. After stabilization on phenobarbital, the total daily dose is decreased by 30 mg a day as long as withdrawal is proceeding smoothly. A modification of this regimen involves initiating treatment at the patient's regular dosage level and decreasing the daily dosage by 10 percent if tolerated by the patient. |
治疗苯巴比妥依赖应采取谨慎和渐进的戒断方式。方法之一是用30 mg剂量苯巴比妥替代病人服用的100－200 mg苯巴比妥，将病人一天的苯巴比妥总量按3－4次分剂量服用，每天不超过600 mg。治疗第一天若出现戒断症状，可在口服剂量之外，静脉加注100－200 mg的负荷剂量。稳定后，只要戒断正常，就可按每天30 mg标准逐日减少药量。也可以对此方法加以变通，按病人正常剂量开始治疗，若病人耐受，即可按每天10%的剂量逐日递减。 | |
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Infants physically dependent on phenobarbital may be given a lower dose of phenobarbital at 3 to 10 mg/kg/day. After withdrawal symptoms (hyperactivity, disturbed sleep, tremors, hyperreflexia) are relieved, the dosage of phenobarbital should be gradually decreased and completely withdrawn over a 2-week period. |
产生躯体依赖的婴儿可以给服更小剂量的苯巴比妥，即3－10 mg/kg/day。在戒断症状（活动过度、睡眠混乱、颤抖、反射亢进)减轻后，应逐渐减少剂量，并在2周内完全戒除。 | |
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Contraindications |
禁忌症 | |
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Phenobarbital is contraindicated in patients with known phenobarbital sensitivity or a history of manifest or latent porphyria. |
苯巴比妥过敏、有征候性或潜伏性卟啉病史者禁用苯巴比妥。 | |
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Administration |
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用法 |
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Suggested doses of phenobarbital for specific indications are as follows: a. Pediatric Oral Dosage: preoperative: 1 to 3 mg/kg. b. Adult Oral Dosage: 1. Daytime sedative: 30 to 120 mg daily in 2 to 3 divided doses. 2. Bedtime hypnotic: 100 to 320 mg. 3. Anticonvulsant: 50 to 100 mg 2 to 3 times daily. |
具体适应症的建议剂量如下： 1、儿科口服剂量：1－3 mg/kg； 2、成人口服剂量： 1)日间镇静：每日39－120 mg，2－3次分服； 2)睡前催眠：100－200 mg； 3)抗惊厥：50－100 mg，一天2－3次。 | |
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Dosages of phenobarbital must be individualized with full knowledge of their particular characteristics and recommended rate of administration. Factors of consideration are the patient's age, weight, and condition. Parenteral routes should be used only when oral administration is impossible or impractical. |
苯巴比妥剂量因人而异，应充分了解病人特点及推荐的给药频度，考虑病人的年龄、体重和身体状况。只在无法口服情况下采用非肠道给药。 | |
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Anticonvulsant use: A therapeutic anticonvulsant level of phenobarbital in serum is 10 to 25 µg/mL. To achieve the blood levels considered therapeutic in children, higher per-kilogram dosages are generally necessary for phenobarbital and most other anticonvulsants. In children and infants, phenobarbital at loading dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg produces blood levels of about 20 µg/mL shortly after administration. |
抗惊厥治疗所需的血药浓度为10－25µg/mL。为获得儿童治疗所需的血药浓度，苯巴比妥及其他多数抗惊厥药物一般都应提高每公斤体重剂量。儿童及婴儿15-20 mg/kg的负荷剂量可使血药浓度很快达到20µg/mL。 | |
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In status epilepticus, it is imperative to achieve therapeutic blood levels of phenobarbital as rapidly as possible. Because a barbiturate-induced depression may occur along with a postictal depression once the seizures are controlled, it is important, therefore, to use the minimal amount required, and to wait for the anticonvulsant effect to develop before administering a second dose. 医学 全在.线提供www.med126.com |
癫痫持续状态时必须尽快达到血液苯巴比妥治疗浓度，因为一旦发作得到控制，巴比妥类药物引起的抑制就会与发作后抑制一起发生，所以，很重要的一点就是使用最小剂量，在抗惊厥作用出现后再跟服第二剂。 | |
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Phenobarbital has been used in the treatment and prophylaxis of febrile seizures. However, it has not been established that prevention of febrile seizures influences the subsequent development of epilepsy. |
苯巴比妥已被用于热性癫痫发作的治疗和预防。但是，并不能确定热性癫痫发作的预防是否影响癫痫的后续发展。 | |
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Special patient population: Dosage should be reduced in the elderly or debilitated because these patients may be more sensitive to phenobarbital. Dosage should be reduced for patients with impaired renal function or hepatic disease. |
特殊病人：老人或体弱病人应减少剂量，因为这些病人对苯巴比妥更敏感。肾功能受损或肝病病人的剂量也应减少。 | |
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Drug Interactions |
药物相互作用 | |
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Doctors or pharmacist should be aware of and monitor for any possible drug interactions. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with the doctor or pharmacist first. |
医生或药剂师应知道并监测可能的药物相互作用。在向医生或药剂师核实前，不得开始、停止或改变用药剂量。 | |
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This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious interactions may occur: delavirdine, sodium oxybate, voriconazole. |
鉴于可能出现严重的药物相互作用，本品不能与下列药物一起服用：地拉韦啶、羟丁酸钠、伏立康唑。 | |
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Some other drowsiness-causing medications may cause serious (possibly fatal) slowed breathing when taken with higher doses of phenobarbital. The patient should tell the doctors or pharmacists, before starting phenobarbital, if he or she also takes other drugs that cause drowsiness such as: medicine for sleep or anxiety (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, narcotic pain relievers (e.g., codeine), psychiatric medicines (e.g., chlorpromazine, risperidone, amitriptyline, trazodone). |
其 他一些致睡药物与大剂量苯巴比妥一起服用时可能导致严重的（可能致命的)呼吸减慢，病人 应在开始服用前告知医生或药剂师是否服用其他致睡药物，如睡眠或 焦虑药（阿普唑仓、地西泮、唑吡坦)、肌松药、麻醉性止痛药（可待因)、精神病药（氯丙嗪、利培酮、阿米替林、曲唑酮)。 | |
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Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: warfarin, estrogens, corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone, dexamethasone), quinidine, felodipine, metronidazole, doxycycline, griseofulvin, phenytoin, valproic acid, theophylline, MAO inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, selegiline). |
用药前，病人应告知医生或药剂师本人可能使用的所有处方、非处方及草药等，特别是华法林、雌激素、皮质激素（如泼尼松、地塞米松)、奎尼丁、非洛地平、甲硝哒唑、多西环素、灰黄霉素、苯妥英、丙戊酸、茶碱、单胺氧化酶抑制药（苯乙肼、司来吉兰)。 | |
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Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you use any other prescription and nonprescription products that cause drowsiness such as certain antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) and anti-seizure drugs (e.g., carbamazepine). |
用药前，应告知医生或药剂师是否使用任何其他可致睡的处方及非处方药品，如一些抗组胺类（苯海拉明)及抗癫痫药物（如卡马西平) | |
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Check the labels on all your medicines (e.g., cough-and-cold products) because they may contain drowsiness-causing ingredients. |
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This medication may decrease the effectiveness of combination-type birth control pills. This can result in pregnancy. You may need to use an additional form of reliable birth control while using this medication. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for details. |
本品可能减弱组合型避孕药片效果，导致怀孕。因此，在使用本品时，病人可能需要另外采取可靠的避孕措施。详细情况可咨询医生或药剂师。 | |
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Precautions |
注意事项 | |
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Tolerance and psychological and physical dependence may occur with continuing use. Phenobarbital should be administered with caution, if at all, to patients who are mentally depressed, have suicidal tendencies, or a history of drug abuse. Elderly or debilitated patients may react to Phenobarbital with marked excitement, depression, and confusion. |
连续用药可产生耐药性、精神依赖性和躯体依赖性。精神压抑、有自杀倾向或药物滥用史者，确需服用时应格外谨慎。老年或体弱病人服用苯巴比妥可出现明显的兴奋、抑郁、意识混乱等反应， | |
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In patients with hepatic damage, phenobarbital should be administered with caution and initially reduced doses. Phenobarbital should not be administered to patients showing the premonitory signs of hepatic coma. |
肝损病人应谨慎使用苯巴比妥，并应减少初始剂量。有肝昏迷先兆病人不能使用苯巴比妥。 | |
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Prolonged therapy with phenobarbital should be accompanied by periodic laboratory evaluation of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal, and hepatic systems. |
长期服用苯巴比妥病人应对器官系统作定期评估检查，这些包括造血、肾脏、肝脏等系统。 | |
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Human-data: A retrospective study of 84 children with brain tumors matched to 73 normal controls and 78 cancer controls (malignant disease other than brain tumors) suggested an association between exposure to barbiturates prenatally and an increased incidence of brain tumors. |
84名脑瘤儿童与73名正常对照组和78名癌症对照组病人（脑瘤除外的恶性病例)回顾性研究提示，产前接触巴比妥类药物与脑瘤发病率有关。 | |
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Warning |
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告诫事项 |
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1. Habit forming: To minimize the possibility of overdosage or the development of dependence, the prescribing and dispensing of sedative-hypnotic barbiturates should be limited to the amount required for the interval until the next appointment. Abrupt cessation after prolonged use in the dependent person may result in withdrawal symptoms. Phenobarbital should be withdrawn gradually. |
1、习惯问题：为减少药物过量机会，减少药物依赖，应限制镇静-催眠用巴比妥类药物，只开、配下次就诊时为止的数量。药品依赖病人在长期用药后突然停止时可出现戒断症状。苯巴比妥戒断应逐步进行。 | |
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2. Acute or chronic pain: Caution should be exercised when Phenobarbital is administered to patients with acute or chronic pain, because paradoxical excitement could be induced or important symptoms could be masked. However, the use of phenobarbital as a sedative in the postoperative surgical period and as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy is well established. |
2、急性或慢性疼痛：急性或慢性疼痛病人给用苯巴比妥时就谨慎，因为它可能引起异常兴奋，或掩盖某些重要症状。但是，术后镇静或作为癌症化疗辅助药物作用时则无此顾虑。 | |
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3. Use in pregnancy: Phenobarbital can cause fetal damage when administered to a pregnant woman. Retrospective case-controlled studies have suggested a connection between the maternal consumption of phenobarbital and higher than expected incidence of fetal abnormalities. Following oral administration, Phenobarbital readily crosses the placental barrier and is distributed throughout fetal tissues with highest concentrations found in the placenta, fetal liver, and brain. Withdrawal symptoms occur in infants born to mothers who receive phenobarbital throughout the last trimester of pregnancy. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. |
3、 妊娠使用：妊娠妇女使用苯巴比妥可致胎儿损伤，回顾性对照研究提示，母体服用苯巴比妥与胎儿发育异常比例高于预期有关。服药后，苯巴比妥迅速透过胎盘屏 障，遍及胎儿组织，胎盘、胎儿肝脏和大脑的药物浓度极高。妊娠后三个月服用苯巴比妥母亲所生婴儿出现戒断症状，如怀孕期间服用本品，或病人服药期间怀孕， 应将胎儿潜在危险通知病人。 | |
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4. Synergistic effects: The concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may produce additive CNS depressant effects. |
4、协同效应：同步饮用酒精或其他CNS抑制药物可增强CNS抑制作用。 | |
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Side Effects |
副作用 | |
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The following adverse reactions and their incidence were compiled from surveillance of thousands of hospitalized patients. |
经对成千上万例住院病人监护发现，本品具有下列不良反应： | |
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More than 1 in 100 patients: The most common adverse reaction estimated to occur at a rate of 1 to 3 patients per 100 is somnolence. |
1%以上病人： 据估计，每100位病人中，1－3位病人最常见的不良反应为嗜眠 | |
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Less than 1 in 100 patients: Adverse reactions estimated to occur at a rate of less than 1 in 100 patients listed below, grouped by organ system, and by decreasing order of occurrence are: |
1%以下病人： 据估计，不到1%的病人出现下列不良反应（按器官排列，发生最多者排列在前)： | |
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l Nervous system: Agitation, confusion, hyperkinesia, ataxia, CNS depression, nightmares, nervousness, psychiatric disturbance, hallucinations, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, thinking abnormality. l Respiratory system: Hypoventilation, apnea. l Cardiovascular system: Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope. l Digestive system: Nausea, vomiting, constipation. l Other reported reactions: Headache, injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, skin rashes, exfoliative dermatitis), fever, liver damage, megaloblastic anemia following. |
神经系统：激动、意识混乱、运动机能亢进、共济失调、CNS抑制、梦魇、神经过敏、精神障碍、幻觉、失眠、焦虑、头昏、思维异常。 呼吸系统：换气不足、呼吸暂停。 心血管系统：心搏徐缓、低血压、晕厥。 消化系统：恶心、呕吐、便秘。 | |
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Overdose/Missed Dose |
过量/漏服 | |
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If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include: dizziness, fainting, inability to wake up (coma), slowed breathing, bluish/cold skin. |
如疑有药物过量，请即与当地中毒控制中心或急诊室联系。药物过量症状：头昏、昏晕、无法醒来（昏迷)、呼吸减慢、皮肤发青发冷。 | |
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If you are taking this medication to prevent seizures and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. |
用本品预防癫痫发作者漏服时，记起时请尽快服用，除非已接近下次服药时间。若已接近下次服药时间，请直接按服药计划服用下次剂量，不要加倍剂量以弥补前次漏服。 | |
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Pregnancy |
妊娠 | |
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Pregnancy Category D. （See Warning 3. Use in pregnancy) |
妊娠类别D。 （参见告诫事项3：妊娠使用) | |
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Storage |
贮藏 | |
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Store at room temperature between 68-77 degrees F (20-25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Keep all medicines away from children and pets. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. |
68－77OF（20－25OC)室温保存，避光避潮。远离儿童和宠物。正确处理过期或不再使用的药物。 | |
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Presentation |
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包装 |
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Oral Tablets 15 mg - Each white round tablet imprinted Þ 026 contains 15 mg of Phenobarbital. Tablets are supplied in bottles of 1000. 30 mg - Each white, round, scored tablet imprinted Þ 028 contains 30 mg of Phenobarbital. Tablets are supplied in bottles of 1000. 100 mg - Each white, round, scored tablet imprinted Þ 030 contains 100 mg of Phenobarbital. Tablets are supplied in bottles of 1000. |
口服片剂 15 mg－白色，圆形片剂，Þ 026字印，含15 mg苯巴比妥，，1000片瓶装。 30 mg－白色、圆形、刻痕片剂，Þ 028字印，含30 mg苯巴比妥，1000片瓶装。 100 mg－白色、圆形、刻痕片剂，Þ 030字印，含100 mg苯巴比妥。1000片瓶装。 | |
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Oral Elixir Red, clear elixir contains 20 mg of Phenobarbital per teaspoon (5 ml). Alcohol 13% by volume. Elixir is supplied in pints. Preserve and dispense in tight, light- resistant containers as defined in the USP. Store at controlled room temperature 15º- 30ºC (59º- 86º F). |
口服酏剂 红色、透明酏剂，每茶匙（5 ml)含20 mg苯巴比妥，酒精13%(按体积计算)。单位品脱。 遵照美国药典，密闭、避光容器保存、配药。15－30C（59－86)室温储藏。 | |
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Rx only. |
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凭处方。 |
