2014年职称英语综合类A级考试真题-阅读理解
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 The best way to lose weight
You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that. "80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese, as医学全.在线www.lindalemus.com compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
31. The first paragraph tells us our weight is determined by
A. our genes B. our work habits
C. our eating habits D. our life style
32. In Jules Hirsche’s study, the subjects
A. showed no health problem B. lived only on liquid food
C. were very short D. gained weight rapidly
33. After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people
A. were back to their original weight B. went mad
C. attempted suicide D. followed the advice of Hirsch’s
34. In Ethen Sim’s study, the subjects were asked to
A. eat as much as they could B. battle their genetic inheritance
C. stay in prison D. lower their weight
35. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Each person wants to control his weight
B. Each person has a weight range of 9 kg
C. Each person wants to eat his heart’s content
D. Each people has a natural weight range
第二篇 Food for Learning
In Eritrea, a small country in northeast Africa, approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women. As in many developing countries, most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women. They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.
These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families. In Eritrea, in fact, there is great need for improvement. It is one of the poorest countries in the world. For many Eritrean families, getting enough food is a daily problem.
To deal with these problems, the Eritrean government, together with the World Food Program, has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools, all the children receive food packages to take home to their families. However, with 医学 全在.线提供www.lindalemus.comthe new program, the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys. This way, parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean women, this program offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization) to women and older girls who are willing to join the program. Because of the war with Ethiopia, many women are bringing up their families on their own. They often live in refugee camps, with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job. They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.
The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives. If they agree to join the program, they receive a large package of food each month. In return, the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months. It is especially popular with teenage girls, aged fourteen to sixteen, who have never had a chance to go to schoolwww.med126.com before.
The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women, using the same system of food weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write. They will become aware of what is going on in their country, and they will be able to have a voice in their future.
36. According to the passage, traditional ideas about women
A are rejected by the younger generation
B help improve the economy
C hinder economy development
D have little impact on economic development
37. The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to
A encourage parents to help girls at home
B help girls feed their families
C change traditional attitudes towards women
D create more jobs for Eritrean teachers.
38. With the Food for Training program, women get a large package of food as long as
A they attend free literacy classes every day
B they bring up their families on their own
C they live in refugee camps
D they have no land of their own
39. The new literacy programs are an example of
A the work of 5,000 women and teenage girls
B the Eritrean government working to keep its power
C local and international organizations working together
D the problems with international aid organizations
40. According to the passage, Food for Training will
A allow women to spend more time at home
B teach women about international aid
C encourage women to leave their country
D help women better their lives
第三篇 The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Australia and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height(10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were 医.学全.在.线网站www.lindalemus.comvery simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮) and a holder for arrows.
Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World WarⅠ, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C., he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of医学全在线www.med126.com battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
41. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A. two Germans were climbing mountains.
B. he was just on a mountain pass.
C. the melted ice made him visible.
D. he was lying on the ice.
42. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. The iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
B. The iceman was struck dead from behind.
C. The iceman was killed while working.
D. The iceman lived a poor life.
43. All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT
A. he was a soldier in World War I. B. he came from Italy
C. he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father. D. He was born about a thousand years ago.
44. The scientists made the deduction that the iceman
A. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
B. has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
C. was probably in some kind of a battle.
D. had got a wound on the back of his head.
45. The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by
A. robbers B. shooters
C. soldiers D. hunters
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