2013年医学职称英语真题卫生(A)

 
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Toads are Arthritic and in Pain
Arthritis is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46.          
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47.            A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.www.lindalemus.com
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48.          
A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night.          49.            But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.
In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop. 50.            These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.
A. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.
B. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.
C. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.
D. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.
E. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.
F. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.

第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators (除颤器) and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater_________(51) from sudden death from cardiac arrest (心脏停搏).
In Germany alone, around 100,000 people die annually_________ (52) a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at_________ (53) are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in _________ (54) life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices_________(55) on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker（起搏器)
Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator _________ (56) of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG,心电图)within the body. This integrated system allows _________(57) diagnosis of severe blood-flow problems and a pending (即将发生的)heart attack. It will. be implanted in _________(58) for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that_________(59) the evaluation of ECG data more precise.www.lindalemus.com
The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this _________ (60) undergo regular ECGs. "Many of the current programs only take into_________(61) a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process_________(62) reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system," Hagen Knaf says. "In this way changes in the heart_________ (63) over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account." An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the considerably better.
51. A. service B. discount C. protection D. advice
52. A. for B. as C. with D. in
53. A. last B. all C. once D. risk
54. A. leading B. causing C. diagnosing D. repeating
55. A. put B. go C. take D. keep
56. A. worthy B. full C. proud D. capable
57. A. final B. differential C. usual D. early
58. A. doctors B. researchers C. patients D. nurses
59. A. carries B. has C. requires D. makes
60. A. reason B. purpose C. treatment D. chance
61. A. account B. trouble C. confusion D. effort
62. A. what B. that C. since D. it
63. A. beats B. failures C. attacks D. shapes
64. A. suffered B. launched C. avoided D. started
65. A. option B. method C. proposal D. data
 参考答案
第1部分：词汇选项
1.D 2.C 3.A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C
第2部分：阅读判断
16-22 ABCAACC
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23-26 ABFC     27-30 CAFE
第4部分：阅读理解
31-35 CBACC    36-40 ADDAB    41-45 BABBB
第5部分：补全短文
46-50 EDCAB
第6部分：完形填空
51-55 CBDCC    56-60 DDCDA   61-65 ABAAD

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