2015年职称英语考试已经开始备考,本阶段应该多整理一些基础词汇和语法。为此,医学全在线职称外语频道特整理了“2015年职称英语备考语法资料”供您参考,希望对您有帮助!
(6)现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①在完成时由“助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already,yet,just,once,twice,ever,never,three times,before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before.(我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for(two years),since 1990,since(two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
⑤have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:——Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/——Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.(你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时 |
→ |
延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 | ||||
have |
(already) |
gone to… |
have |
been in / at … |
for (two years) | |
has |
|
come to… |
has |
been here |
since (1990) | |
(had) |
|
left… |
(had) |
been away from… |
| |
|
|
arrived… |
|
been in… |
| |
|
|
died |
|
been dead |
| |
|
|
begun |
|
been on |
| |
|
|
ended |
|
been over |
| |
|
|
bought... |
|
had… |
| |
|
|
borrowed… |
|
kept… |
| |
|
|
joined… |
|
been in … |
|
或者使用下面这个句型:
It is /has been+(多久)+since+主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)