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2014年住院医师英语考试试题5

来源:本站原创 更新:2014/11/21 住院医师考试论坛

第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。

Know Just How You Feel

Do you feel Sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most

personal feelings can be classified,  8according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in

which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart. Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the

emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. ________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's

small group. More complex expression of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many

more facial expressions are shared worldwide. ________(47) The mind Reading DVD is a
systematic visual record' of these expressions. The project was conducted by a C ambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have

difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to

understand a wide rane of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion".________(48) Using this definition, 1,512

emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced t0 412, from"afraid" to"wanting". Once these emotions were defined and

classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in

three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize

one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right, " says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. " Although they

were given some direction," says Ms Collis, "the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. _________(50) " For example, when someone

feels contempt you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down. Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor

Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called"action units".

These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattem of facial muscular movements to represent each

emotion.

A. He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.
B. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.
C. Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
D. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds".
E. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
F. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.

完形填空(第51~65题,每题1分,共15分)下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Skin Cancer Melanoma (黑素瘤), the deadliest kind of skin cancer is now the most common cancer in________(51) British women, the country's leading

cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has_______(52) cervical (子宫颈的) cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to

the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.The trend is particularly _______(53) since younger people are not generally those most

susceptible(易患的)to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are _______(54)highest in people over  age75. But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger

people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the _______(55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 20s make _______(56) a small percentage of all

patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50. Based on current numbers Cancer Research

UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth_______(57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about

9,0000 cases a year to more than 15,500. Cancer experts _______(58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning

salons. "Spending time on sun beds is just as _______(59)as staying out too long in the sun," said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The

organization is starting a SunSmart _______(60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed. "The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun

beds can be more than 10_______(61) stronger than the midday sun," Cerny said. In the United States, several states require parental approval _______

(62) minors can use tanning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and _______(63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29

states have regulations governing minors use of tanning salons. In the UK, Scottish politicians passed legislation banning these under 18 from using

tanning beds, though it hasn't yet been implemented. There are no plans for _______(64) in the rest of the UK. The world Health Organization has

previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin. Experts said most deadly skin cancers could

be ______(65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.

51. A. young B. married C. middle-aged D. elderly
52. A. overtaken B. overseen C. overlooked D. overwhelmed
53. A. encouraging B. misleading C. worrying D. booming
54. A. occasionally B. hopefully C. surprisingly D. typically
55. A. line B. point C. turn D. start
56. A. up B. on C. off D. to
57. A. most B. more C. very D. much
58. A. allocate B. associate C. contribute D. attribute
59. A. ineffective B. dangerous C. exhausting D. comfortable
60. A. execution B. campaign C. reaction D. conquest
61. A. degrees B. ranks C. times D. steps
62. A. until B. while C. before D. although
63. A. less B. beneath C. lower D. under
64. A. debate B. caution C. legislation D. approval
65. A. avoided B. diagnosed C. predicted D. treated

2014年住院医师英语试题答案

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